Abstract: The present invention relates to dkk3 as a marker for diagnosing chronic kidney disease and assessing the risk of disease progression, as well as to related methods and uses. In particular, the present invention relates to method for diagnosing chronic kidney disease, comprising the steps of a) obtaining a urine sample comprising early morning urine (EMU) from a mammalian, preferably a human, patient to be diagnosed, b) measuring the amount of Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) protein and/or adducts thereof in said sample, and c) concluding on a chronic kidney disease of said patient, wherein a higher amount of DKK3 protein and/or adducts thereof in said sample compared to a healthy patient is indicative for a chronic kidney disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring immunological tolerance in T cells. In particular, the invention provides a method for measuring the tolerance status of a T cell sample, comprising the steps of (a) measuring the expression level of XCR1 (also known as GPR5, which is a receptor for Single C Motif-1/Lymphotactin) in a T cell sample, and (b) comparing the measured expression level with a reference value, said reference value being representative of the expression level of XCR1 in a control T cell sample. The present invention furthermore provides methods, kits and uses to determine the required stringency of immunosuppression, particularly the required dosage of an immunosuppressant. Also provided are methods and uses to identify or validate inducers or inhibitors of immunological tolerance.