Abstract: A force/torque sensor has a semiconductor region which is adapted to be subjected to a force or torque. Two control electrodes are provided on a first and a second side of the semiconductor region, the sides being arranged in spaced, opposed relationship with one another, and a current through the semiconductor region being producible between the control electrodes. Two sensor electrodes are provided on a third and a fourth side of the semiconductor region, the sides being also arranged in spaced, opposed relationship with one another and extending essentially at right angles to said first and second sides. A force or torque applied to the semiconductor region is determinable by detecting a voltage present between the sensor electrodes when a current flows between the control electrodes. The semiconductor region is formed by the channel of a field effect transistor, the drain an source electrodes of said field effect transistor defining the control electrodes.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for detecting a variable that is to be measured, has at least two substantially similar sensor elements. These sensor elements each produce an output signal in response to the variable to be measured, the output signals having a Hall voltage disturbance component. The two sensor elements are orientated in relation to each other in such a way that a sensor signal can be produced by a combination of their output signals, the Hall voltage disturbance components being compensated in the sensor signal.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of propanal, n-butanal, and i-butanal comprising contacting said aldehyde with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising in the reduced state25% to 50% by weight of metallic nickel10% to 35% by weight of nickel oxide4% to 12% by weight of magnesium oxide1% to 5% by weight of sodium oxidethe remainder being a water insoluble support material, wherein the total of said nickel and said nickel oxide is 40% to 70% by weight based on said catalyst, said catalyst having a total BET surface area of 80 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume, determined by mercury porosimetry, of 0,35 to 0.6 ml/g,said total volume consisting of 30% to 60% of said volume from pores having pore radii equal to or less than 40 .ANG., 4% to 10% of said volume from pores having pore radii from more than 40 .ANG. to 300 .ANG., and 30% to 60% of said volume from pores having pore radii from more than 300 .ANG. to 5000 .ANG..

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst comprising 25 to 50% by weight of nickel (metallic) 10 to 35% by weight of nickel oxide 4 to 12% by weight of magnesium oxide 1 to 5% by weight of sodium oxide the remainder being a water-insoluble support material,wherein the total of nickel and nickel oxide is 40% to 70% by weight, and the catalyst has a surface area, determined by BET, of 80 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and a total pore volume of 0.35 to 0.6 ml/g. The total pore volume is made up of 30% to 60% by volume from pores having pore radii of .ltoreq.40 .ANG., 4% to 10% by volume from pores having pore radii of >40 to 300 .ANG., and 30% to 60% by volume from pores having pore radii of >300 to 5000 .ANG..