Abstract: The disclosure relates to a light-conducting device. The light-conducting device includes k>1 first deflection devices that are parallel to one another and arranged along a first direction (X), and k second deflection devices that are parallel to one another and arranged along a second direction (Y) perpendicular to the first direction. A third direction (Z) is perpendicular to the first and second direction (X, Y). Each of the second deflection devices is arranged in a same fourth direction (P) with respect to one of the first deflection devices. The first deflection devices comprise optical axes directed in a fifth direction, and the second deflection devices comprise optical axes directed opposite to the fifth direction. The fifth direction is an angle bisector of an angle between the third and the fourth direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light-conducting device (60). The light-conducting device (60) comprises k>1 first deflection devices (U11, U21, U31, Sp1, Sp3) that are parallel to one another and arranged along a first direction (X), and k second deflection devices (U12, U22, U32, Sp2, Sp4) that are parallel to one another and arranged along a second direction (Y) perpendicular to the first direction. A third direction (Z) is perpendicular to the first and second direction (X, Y). Each of the second deflection devices (U12, U22, U32, Sp2, Sp4) is arranged in a same fourth direction (P) with respect to one of the first deflection devices (U11, U21, U31, Sp1, Sp3). The first deflection devices (U11, U21, U31, Sp1, Sp3) comprise optical axes directed in a fifth direction, and the second deflection devices (U12, U22, U32, Sp2, Sp4) comprise optical axes directed opposite to the fifth direction. The fifth direction is an angle bisector of an angle between the third and the fourth direction.

Abstract: A diode laser is provided with wavelength stabilization and vertical collimation of the emitted radiation, which allows a small distance of the volume Bragg grating from the emitting surface, a small vertical diameter of the collimated beam and also compensation for manufacturing tolerances affecting the shape of the grating and the lens. The diode laser comprises an external frequency-selective element for wavelength stabilization of the laser radiation, wherein the external frequency-selective element comprises an entry surface facing the exit facet and an exit surface facing away from the exit facet and is designed as a volume Bragg grating; and wherein the external frequency-selective element is designed in such a manner that the divergence of the radiation emitting from the exit facet is reduced during passage through the external frequency-selective element.

Abstract: A diode laser is provided with wavelength stabilization and vertical collimation of the emitted radiation, which allows a small distance of the volume Bragg grating from the emitting surface, a small vertical diameter of the collimated beam and also compensation for manufacturing tolerances affecting the shape of the grating and the lens. The diode laser comprises an external frequency-selective element for wavelength stabilization of the laser radiation, wherein the external frequency-selective element comprises an entry surface facing the exit facet and an exit surface facing away from the exit facet and is designed as a volume Bragg grating; and wherein the external frequency-selective element is designed in such a manner that the divergence of the radiation emitting from the exit facet is reduced during passage through the external frequency-selective element.

Abstract: Method for filter selection of binary configured for determining smallest concentration changes in substance mixtures is provided wherein one or a plurality of low-concentration lead components can be reliably detected in the presence of higher-concentration matrix or background components using the selected broad-band binary filters. The spectral power transmitted or reflected by the substance mixture is detected by a plurality of photosensitive detectors which are spectrally broad-banded and provided with binary filters, the detector signals being used for exact determination of the substance concentrations.

Abstract: Algorithm for filter selection of binary filters configured to solve the problem in question with the aim of determining smallest concentration changes in substance mixtures wherein one or a plurality of low-concentration lead components can be reliably detected in the presence of higher-concentration matrix or background components using the selected broad-band binary filters. The spectral power transmitted or reflected by the substance mixture is detected by a plurality of photosensitive detectors which are spectrally broad-banded and provided with binary filters, the detector signals being used for exact determination of the substance concentrations.