Abstract: While ensuring technical safety and a short start-up time the invention permits the operation of autothermic partial oxidation of fuels processed into pulverized fuel such as lignite and bituminous coals, petroleum cokes, solid grindable carbon-containing residues, as well as solid-liquid suspensions or slurries, with a gasification agent containing oxygen at operating pressures of up to 8 MPa (80 bar). The selective configuration of the fail-safe monitoring of the gasification process only the supply of the main fuel is cut off. Through the continued operation of the pilot and ignition burner the reactor is kept at operating pressure and after the fault has been rectified fuel gasification can be restarted with the pilot and ignition burner without a complicated placement and pulling of a starter burner and subsequent pressurization of the reactors.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coals, and cokes such as those from bituminous coals, lignite coals, and biomasses, as well as petroleum cokes, that are ground fine and mixed with water or oil to obtain fuel-in-liquid suspensions, so-called slurries, and their gasification together with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 100 bar, and at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C. in an entrained flow reactor. The method includes slurry preparation and infeed to the reactor, gasification in an entrained flow reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, full quenching of the crude gas to saturation temperature that may be 180-260° C. depending on the gasification pressure, and wet or dry dust separation. The crude gas is pretreated so that it can be fed to further technological steps such as crude gas conversion, H2S and CO2 removal, and synthesis.

Abstract: A method for gasification of fuel in an entrained flow of a gasification reactor. The method includes jointly gasifying a mixture of at least two different fuels having different degrees of coalification, including those of differing coal qualities such as brown coals and stone coals. The method also includes pulverizing the coals forming the mixture in specific grain bands and drying the coals forming the mixture to a specific residual water content.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900 degrees. The fuel is gasified by pneumatic metering of pulverized fuel, gasification reaction in a reactor with cooled reactor chamber contour, quencher cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar, and at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C., consisting of the process steps of pneumatic metering for pulverized fuel, gasification in a flue stream reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, partial quenching, cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

Abstract: A method and device for metering and feeding pulverized fuels under pressure into gasification reactors, with the pulverized fuel being supplied alternately from an operational bunker through pressurized sluices to a metering tank, in the bottom of which a dense fluidized bed is formed by introducing fluidizing gas through a turbulence plate, with transport pipes immersed in the fluidized bed horizontally or vertically, by which the fluidized fuel is fed continuously through burners to a pressurized gasification reactor. By feeding in auxiliary gas in the immediate vicinity of the transport line inlet into the metering tank or the transport lines, the pressure differential between the metering tank and the gasification reactor is controlled and is utilized as a control parameter for pulverized fuel transport.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gasification method which, with a reliable and safe mode of operation, allows the simultaneous gasification of coals of different degrees of coalification, including those of differing coal qualities such as brown coals and stone coals, with the pulverized fuel consisting of the mixture of the different coals being fed from a common dispensing system to the gasification reactor.

Abstract: While ensuring technical safety and a short start-up time the invention permits the operation of autothermic partial oxidation of fuels processed into pulverized fuel such as lignite and bituminous coals, petroleum cokes, solid grindable carbon-containing residues, as well as solid-liquid suspensions or slurries, with a gasification agent containing oxygen at operating pressures of up to 8 MPa (80 bar). The selective configuration of the fail-safe monitoring of the gasification process only the supply of the main fuel is cut off. Through the continued operation of the pilot and ignition burner the reactor is kept at operating pressure and after the fault has been rectified fuel gasification can be restarted with the pilot and ignition burner without a complicated placement and pulling of a starter burner and subsequent pressurization of the reactors.

Abstract: A method and device for metering and feeding pulverized fuels under pressure into gasification reactors, with the pulverized fuel being supplied alternately from an operational bunker through pressurized sluices to a metering tank, in the bottom of which a dense fluidized bed is formed by introducing fluidizing gas through a turbulence plate, with transport pipes immersed in the fluidized bed horizontally or vertically, by which the fluidized fuel is fed continuously through burners to a pressurized gasification reactor. By feeding in auxiliary gas in the immediate vicinity of the transport line inlet into the metering tank or the transport lines, the pressure differential between the metering tank and the gasification reactor is controlled and is utilized as a control parameter for pulverized fuel transport.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coals, and cokes such as those from bituminous coals, lignite coals, and biomasses, as well as petroleum cokes, that are ground fine and mixed with water or oil to obtain fuel-in-liquid suspensions, so-called slurries, and their gasification together with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 100 bar, and at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C. in an entrained flow reactor. The method includes slurry preparation and infeed to the reactor, gasification in an entrained flow reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, full quenching of the crude gas to saturation temperature that may be 180-260° C. depending on the gasification pressure, and wet or dry dust separation. The crude gas is pretreated so that it can be fed to further technological steps such as crude gas conversion, H2S and CO2 removal, and synthesis.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar, and at temperatures between 1200 and 1900° C., consisting of the process steps of pneumatic metering for pulverized fuel, gasification in a flue stream reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, partial quenching, cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

Abstract: A method and device for the gasification of solid fuels such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900 degrees. The fuel is gasified by pneumatic metering of pulverized fuel, gasification reaction in a reactor with cooled reactor chamber contour, quencher cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

Abstract: A reactor wall for a entrained-flow gasifier for the gasification of carbon-containing fuels, by-products, and waste materials at elevated temperature and pressure includes, arranged sequentially from an outside surface of the wall to an inside surface of the wall: a pressure shell (2); a water-carrying ring-shaped gap (3); a cooling wall (4); a thermally conductive ramming material (5); a solid layer of slag (6); a liquid film of slag (7); and a gasification chamber (1).

Abstract: A process for the production of an anisometric yellow-brown zinc ferrite pigment comprising homogeneously mixing zinc oxide having a specific BET surface of more than 2 m.sup.2 /g with needle-shaped .alpha.-FeOOH obtained from an iron salt solution by mixing with alkali and subsequently oxidizing in a nucleation and pigment growth stage, the FeOOH having a specific BET surface of about 15 to 25 m.sup.2 /g, an average needle width of about 0.025 to 0.125 .mu.m and an average needle length of about 0.2 to 0.6 .mu.m, annealing the mixture at a temperature of about 700.degree. to 1000.degree. C., cooling and grinding.

Abstract: A process for the production of basic aluminum nitrate solutions by reacting metallic aluminum with nitric acid, comprising establishing a body of metallic aluminum, supplying additional aluminum to said body, supplying to said body countercurrent to the supply of the additional aluminum nitric acid of a concentration of about 5 to 30% by weight having basic aluminum nitrate dissolved therein and a pH of about 1 to 4, maintaining said body at a temperature of from about 30.degree.C up to the boiling point of the nitric acid, whereby the aluminum reacts with the nitric acid, and removing solution containing reaction product adjacent the point of supply of the additional aluminum and remote from the point of supply of the nitric acid.