Abstract: In a process for operating an ammonia plant, a gas mixture comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia is conveyed cyclically in a synthesis circuit with a conveying device which comprises at least a first compressor, nitrogen and hydrogen are converted at least partly into ammonia in a converter, the gas mixture is cooled in a cooling device in such a way that ammonia condenses out of the gas mixture, and hydrogen is provided at least partly by electrolysis. In this process, the utilization of fluctuating renewable energies can be integrated into existing plant designs, for the provision of hydrogen; for this reason, a master controller is provided and the master controller keeps at least the pressure in the synthesis circuit approximately constant via at least one control loop, on the basis of the anticipated amount of hydrogen. For this, the apparatus comprises a first bypass line for circumventing the first compressor, and a second bypass line for circumventing the cooling device.

Abstract: A process for ammonia synthesis in a synthesis circuit may involve circulating a gas mixture comprising nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia with a conveying device (2) in the synthesis circuit, reacting nitrogen and hydrogen at least partly to ammonia in a converter, and cooling the gas mixture in a cooling device such that ammonia condenses out of the gas mixture. The disadvantages of adsorption drying and of absorption are avoided as hydrogen and nitrogen are introduced at mutually different sections into the synthesis circuit. The process may also involve introducing nitrogen in a flow direction upstream of the converter and/or directly into the converter in the synthesis circuit.

Abstract: A process can be used to treat a synthesis gas stream comprising steam reforming firstly in a primary reformer and subsequently in a secondary reformer. Crude synthesis gas exiting the secondary reformer may be cooled in a steam generator and then further cooled in a steam superheater. The crude synthesis gas stream after exiting the secondary reformer may be split into at least two gas substreams, of which only a first gas substream is fed to the steam generator. A second gas substream may be supplied to the steam superheater, bypassing the steam generator. Only the first gas substream, after flowing through the steam generator, may be subjected to a CO conversion reaction in a first CO conversion reactor before the first gas substream is supplied to the steam superheater.

Abstract: A reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, including a combustion chamber, a burner arranged within the combustion chamber, a first reactor tube which is arranged at least in sections within the combustion chamber, a catalyst arranged inside the first reactor tube, and an electrically heatable heating element is arranged inside the first reactor tube.

Abstract: A process can be used to treat a synthesis gas stream comprising steam reforming firstly in a primary reformer and subsequently in a secondary reformer. Crude synthesis gas exiting the secondary reformer may be cooled in a steam generator and then further cooled in a steam superheater. The crude synthesis gas stream after exiting the secondary reformer may be split into at least two gas substreams, of which only a first gas substream is fed to the steam generator. A second gas substream may be supplied to the steam superheater, bypassing the steam generator. Only the first gas substream, after flowing through the steam generator, may be subjected to a CO conversion reaction in a first CO conversion reactor before the first gas substream is supplied to the steam superheater.

Abstract: A method of starting up an autothermal reactor for the production of synthesis gas by reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases in a reaction chamber in which oxidation reactions and reforming reactions are carried out, by feeding a hydrocarbon containing feed gas, steam and an oxidant.

Abstract: A method of starting up an autothermal reactor for the production of synthesis gas by reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases in a reaction chamber in which oxidation reactions and reforming reactions are carried out, by feeding a hydrocarbon containing feed gas, steam and an oxidant.

Abstract: To provide for diversion of transport plates (3) being transported in a main transport path (3) to a diversion path (6) extending, for example, at right angles to the main transport path and having transport belts (7) extending along the diversion path, while rotating workpieces (2) on the workpiece carrier plates (3) so that they will always face the same direction with respect to the transport or diversion path, for example at the outside of a rectangular production line-and-bypass arrangement (FIG. 1), deflection plates (10) are formed with a groove (12) at the bottom thereof, having a straight run-on and run-off portion and a quarter-circular portion, for engagement with guide rollers (18) positioned on pins (13) and secured to the transport plates (3) so that, upon frictional engagement of the transport plates with the belts running underneath the main transport path and the bypass path (6), the plates will be deflected and rotated at the same time.