Abstract: A spunbond nonwoven laminate has a first spunbond nonwoven layer having crimped filaments formed by a first component on an outer surface of the filaments of the first layer consisting or substantially consisting of a polyolefin and a second component consisting or substantially consisting of a plastic having a higher melting point than the polyolefin of the first component of the filaments of the first layer. A second outermost spunbond nonwoven layer on the first layer having filaments as a cover layer and formed by a first component on an outer surface of the filaments of the second layer consisting or substantially consisting of a polyolefin, and a second component consisting or substantially consisting of a plastic having a higher melting point than the polyolefin of the first component of the filaments of the second layer.

Abstract: A spunbond nonwoven laminate has a first spunbond nonwoven layer having crimped filaments formed by a first component on an outer surface of the filaments of the first layer consisting or substantially consisting of a polyolefin and a second component consisting or substantially consisting of a plastic having a higher melting point than the polyolefin of the first component of the filaments of the first layer. A second outermost spunbond nonwoven layer on the first layer having filaments as a cover layer and formed by a first component on an outer surface of the filaments of the second layer consisting or substantially consisting of a polyolefin, and a second component consisting or substantially consisting of a plastic having a higher melting point than the polyolefin of the first component of the filaments of the second layer.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for stepwise leaching of all rare earth elements capable of forming peroxide and superoxide compounds, in particular cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, europium, from minerals containing these elements, namely from bastnaesites, orthites, chevkinites, and britholites.

Abstract: Excretion by a diaper wearer in a diaper is predicted by providing in or on the diaper on the wearer an excretion detector capable of detecting excretion by the diaper wearer and a motion sensor capable of detecting movements of the diaper wearer. The sensor continuously detects and at least temporarily records movements of the diaper wearer, and these detected movements are analyzed to determine movement patterns. Then, on detection of excretion by the detector, a movement pattern immediately preceding the detection of excretion is stored or flagged as a critical movement pattern. Thereafter each time movements matching the critical movement pattern are detected, a signal is sent to a user.

Abstract: Excretion by a diaper wearer in a diaper is predicted by providing in or on the diaper on the wearer an excretion detector capable of detecting excretion by the diaper wearer and a motion sensor capable of detecting movements of the diaper wearer. The sensor continuously detects and at least temporarily records movements of the diaper wearer, and these detected movements are analyzed to determine movement patterns. Then, on detection of excretion by the detector, a movement pattern immediately preceding the detection of excretion is stored or flagged as a critical movement pattern. Thereafter each time movements matching the critical movement pattern are detected, a signal is sent to a user.

Abstract: A web is made by first extruding multicomponent filaments from a spinneret and then passing the extruded filaments through a process air shaft. Cold air is directed against the filaments in the process air shaft to cool and aerodynamically stretch the filaments while excluding the entry of other air into the process air shaft. The cooled and stretched multicomponent filaments are then deposited in a mat on a support, and then the mat of multicomponent filaments to a web is consolidated by subjecting it to water jets at a pressure of 10 bar to 200 bar such that the multicomponent filaments fuse together at crossover points and the filaments have a considerable free length between crossover points where they are fused. Finally the web is heat treated to crinkle the filaments thereof and bulk of the web.

Abstract: A web is made by first extruding multicomponent filaments from a spinneret and then passing the extruded filaments through a process air shaft. Cold air is directed against the filaments in the process air shaft to cool and aerodynamically stretch the filaments while excluding the entry of other air into the process air shaft. The cooled and stretched multicomponent filaments are then deposited in a mat on a support, and then the mat of multicomponent filaments to a web is consolidated by subjecting it to water jets at a pressure of 10 bar to 200 bar such that the multicomponent filaments fuse together at crossover points and the filaments have a considerable free length between crossover points where they are fused. Finally the web is heat treated to crinkle the filaments thereof and bulk of the web.

Abstract: A fiber laminate, especially an absorbent wiping cloth, wherein at least one layer of a spun-bonded web and at least one layer of meltblown fibers is provided. Furthermore, at least one layer of hydrophilic fibers is present. Some of the meltblown fibers are also distributed in the layer of spun-bonded web and/or in the layer of the hydrophilic fibers.

Abstract: A spun bond mat, after collection on a perforated surface is consolidated by high velocity water jets and then subjected to heat treatment to crinkle or crimp the bicomponent or other multicomponent synthetic resin filaments.

Abstract: A process for the thermomechanical treatment of a fleece web which is comprised of filaments and/or fibers of a thermoplastic synthetic resin in a continuous process. The fleece web is moved during the thermal treatment continuously and with uniform speed. The fleece web passes initially a thermal treatment station and in this is traversed by a gas stream of predetermined gas flow velocity and gas flow temperature and is heated to a preheating temperature. The preheated fleece web is subjected to mechanical treatment. The gas flow temperature and the gas flow velocity on the one hand and the treatment stretch of the fleece web in the thermal treatment station on the other are so selected that the preheating temperature at all speeds which can be assumed by the fleece web, including zero speed, does not exceed the temperature of the melting point of the filaments and/or the fibers. Also apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention are given.

Abstract: A fleece-making apparatus has a vertically extending and horizontally elongated process shaft having upper and lower ends, a nozzle head at the upper shaft end for emitting a multiplicity of continuous thermoplastic strands that descend in the shaft as a curtain, and a foraminous conveyor belt at the lower shaft end for receiving and conveying away the filaments. A main stream of air flows downward in the shaft from the upper shaft end to the lower shaft end and through the belt for cooling and stretching the filaments and depositing the filaments on the belt. A pair of horizontally elongated and downwardly open second inlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the upper shaft end, a pair of horizontally elongated third inlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the second slots, and a pair of horizontally elongated third outlet slots flank the curtain of filaments below the third inlet slots and above the lower end.

Abstract: A process for producing a web fleece of thermoplastic polymer filaments. Filaments of thermoplastic polymer are spun from a spinneret to form a curtain passing through a cooling chamber and a stretching channel. The volume rate of flow of the thermoplastic polymer from the spinneret, the volume rate of flow of air, the velocity of the air and the temperature of the air in the cooling chamber and stretching channel are so controlled that individual filaments of the curtain have filament diameters less than .mu.m and a degree of crystallinity less than 45%. The filaments of the curtain are collected on a continuously moving sieve belt in a mat whose crossing points fuse together. The mat is heated to a stretching temperature of 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and stretched axially by 100 to 400%. The biaxially stretched mat is heated to a temperature above that of the stretching temperature to thermofix the web.

Abstract: A melt-blowing head is used to produce long thermoplastic filaments which are collected on a sieve belt and form crossing welds at cross-over points. The resulting mat may be calendered and is composed of filaments having a diameter of less than 100 .mu.m and a degree of crystallinity which is less than 45%. The mat is heated to a stretching temperature of 80 to 150.degree. C. and is then biaxially stretched by 100 to 400% before being thermally fixed at a higher temperature. The result is a nonwoven web which can have a greater strength for a given area weight or a reduced area weight for a given strength than earlier systems.

Abstract: Nonwoven spun-bond is produced by a stationary pressure apparatus in which the shaft below the spinneret has an inlet section followed by the downwardly converging intermediate section, a drawing section and a diffuser opening above the collecting belt through which air is drawn by a suction device. The process air velocity profile has an intersection point with the drawing value at the intermediate section and the distance between the intersection point and the spinneret is smaller than the distance between the intersection point and the bottom end of the drawing section.

Abstract: A spun-filament nonwoven web is deposited on a sieve belt from a spinning head producing a curtain of thermoplastic filaments which traverse a cooling chamber by drawing the filaments in a drawing nozzle separate from the cooling chamber and passing the filaments through a delivery unit and in the form of a jet pump, air flow through which is controlled at least in part by a suction blower below that sieve belt.