Abstract: A retaining device for printed circuit boards is of a frame-like form, with transporting carriages arranged on the outer longitudinal sides and intended for transporting the retaining device, a retaining frame of the retaining device for the substrates being arranged between the transporting carriages. The retaining frame is mounted height-adjustably on the transporting carriages and so a substrate restrained in it can be lowered or raised during the treatment.

Abstract: A retaining device for printed circuit boards is of a frame-like form, with transporting carriages arranged on the outer longitudinal sides and intended for transporting the retaining device, a retaining frame of the retaining device for the substrates being arranged between the transporting carriages. The retaining frame is mounted height-adjustably on the transporting carriages and so a substrate restrained in it can be lowered or raised during the treatment.

Abstract: A filling element for filling machines is provided and includes a liquid flow valve, which comprises a valve body that can be moved back and forth in a filling element axis between a position that closes the liquid flow valve off and a position that opens this valve. Also provided is an electrical probe for determining filling heights of liquid material in containers. The probe includes a first probe element that projects beyond the underside of the filling element and has an electrode, and a second probe element that at least partially surrounds at least part of the first probe element. The lower end of the second probe element is spaced further from the underside of the filling element than is the first probe element.