Abstract: A process for producing a cold-rolled flat steel product having a bainitic base microstructure and a correspondingly cold-rolled flat steel product having a bainitic base microstructure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flat steel product which has good deep-drawing ability, low edge-crack sensitivity and good bending behaviour. To this end, the flat steel product contains a steel which consists of (in wt %) 0.1-0.5% C, 1.0-3.0% Mn, 0.9-1.5% Si, up to 1.5% Al, up to 0.008% N, up to 0.020% P, up to 0.005% S, 0.01-1% Cr and optionally one or more of the following elements: up to 0.2% Mo, up to 0.01% B, up to 0.5% Cu, up to 0.5% Ni and optionally a total of 0.005-0.2% microalloying elements, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein 75<(Mn2+55*Cr)/Cr<3000 where Mn is the Mn content of the steel in wt % and Cr is the Cr content of the steel in wt %. The steel has a structure which consists of at least 80 area % martensite, of which at least 75 area % is tempered martensite and at most 25 area % is non-tempered martensite, at least 5 volume % residual austenite, 0.

Abstract: A flat steel product consisting of (in wt %) 0.1-0.5% C, 1.0-3.0% Mn, 0.9-1.5% Si, ?1.5% Al, ?0.008% N, ?0.020% P, ?0.005% S, 0.01-1% Cr and optionally one or more of: ?0.2% Mo, ?0.01% B, ?0.5% Cu, ?0.5% Ni and optionally a total of 0.005-0.2% microalloying elements, the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel has a structure consisting of ?80 area % martensite, where ?75 area % is tempered and ?25 area % is non-tempered, ?5 volume % residual austenite, 0.5-10 area % ferrite, ?5 area % bainite, and carbides with a length of ?250 nm, wherein in the phase boundary between tempered martensite and residual austenite, there is a low-Mn ferrite seam having a width of 4·12 nm and a Mn content of ?50% of the average Mn content. Also, a method for producing the flat steel in which the structural characteristics of the flat steel product are set by suitable heat treatment.

Abstract: A sheet metal part having a tensile strength Rm?1000 MPa and a bending angle >70° formed from a flat steel product including, in % by weight: C: 0.10-0.30%, Si: 0.5-2.0%, Mn: 0.5-2.4%, Al: 0.01-0.2%, Cr: 0.005-1.5%, P: 0.01-0.1%, and optionally one or more of Ti, Nb, V, B, Ni, Cu, Mo, and W, with Ti: 0.005-0.1%, Nb: 0.005-0.1%, V: 0.001-0.2%, B: 0.0005-0.015%, Ni: 0.05-0.4%, Cu: 0.01-0.8%, Mo: 0.01-1.0&, and W: 0.001-1.0%, and remainder iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the structure of the sheet metal part is 40-100% by area plate-shaped bainite, 70-95% of which is made of ferrite, 2-30% of high carbon phases that are plate-shaped with the remainder made up of other components and the remainder of the structure consists of <40% by area of the total structure of non-plate-shaped bainite, of which is made of ferrite, 2-30% of high carbon phases and <5% of other components. Also, a method for manufacturing the sheet metal part.

Abstract: A method for the continuous liquefying of organic solids in a fermenter, wherein an outwardly directed flow of solids is produced in a dammed-up liquid, the solids are added in the lower region of the fermenter and the solid fermentation residues are essentially collected and removed below the level of the dammed-up liquid.

Abstract: A method for treating an organic and/or inorganic substrate utilizing a granular material made of a solid foam as support for an active component, for example a biocatalyst such as a microorganism or an enzyme. The solid foam has a continuous phase in which magnetizable particles are embedded, such that the support with the biologically active component immobilized thereon can be separated from a mixture with a magnetic separation device.

Abstract: A retaining device for printed circuit boards is of a frame-like form, with transporting carriages arranged on the outer longitudinal sides and intended for transporting the retaining device, a retaining frame of the retaining device for the substrates being arranged between the transporting carriages. The retaining frame is mounted height-adjustably on the transporting carriages and so a substrate restrained in it can be lowered or raised during the treatment.

Abstract: A retaining device for printed circuit boards is of a frame-like form, with transporting carriages arranged on the outer longitudinal sides and intended for transporting the retaining device, a retaining frame of the retaining device for the substrates being arranged between the transporting carriages. The retaining frame is mounted height-adjustably on the transporting carriages and so a substrate restrained in it can be lowered or raised during the treatment.

Abstract: A method for the continuous liquefying of organic solids in a fermenter, wherein an outwardly directed flow of solids is produced in a dammed-up liquid, the solids are added in the lower region of the fermenter and the solid fermentation residues are essentially collected and removed below the level of the dammed-up liquid.

Abstract: A filling element for filling machines is provided and includes a liquid flow valve, which comprises a valve body that can be moved back and forth in a filling element axis between a position that closes the liquid flow valve off and a position that opens this valve. Also provided is an electrical probe for determining filling heights of liquid material in containers. The probe includes a first probe element that projects beyond the underside of the filling element and has an electrode, and a second probe element that at least partially surrounds at least part of the first probe element. The lower end of the second probe element is spaced further from the underside of the filling element than is the first probe element.