Abstract: A method for regulating or controlling the temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug in a heating phase of the sheathed-element glow plug, where a temperature value is determined as a function of a resistance of the sheathed-element glow plug. To render possible the regulation or control of the temperature of the sheathed-element glow plug also during a transient temperature distribution within the sheathed-element glow plug, the resistance used for determining the temperature value during a transient thermal response within the sheathed-element glow plug is calculated with the aid of a physical model.

Abstract: A method for determining the temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug during operation in an internal combustion engine is described, in which a temperature-resistance reference correlation is determined. In order to reduce the tolerance range of a sheathed-element glow plug, after the sheathed-element glow plug has been installed in the internal combustion engine, a calibration step is carried out in which, with the aid of the temperature-resistance reference correlation determined prior to the installation of the sheathed-element glow plug in the internal combustion engine, a temperature-resistance correlation specific to the sheathed-element glow plug is ascertained, from which the temperature of the sheathed-element glow plug during operation of the sheathed-element glow plug in the internal combustion engine is determined.

Abstract: In a method for ascertaining a temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug in an internal combustion engine, a temperature difference between the temperature of a glow plug heater inside the sheathed-element glow plug and a temperature at an arbitrary location on the sheathed-element glow plug is determined as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine and/or at least one operating parameter of the sheathed-element glow plug. The temperature of the sheathed-element glow plug is ascertained from a temperature value represented by a measured value, and from the determined temperature difference.

Abstract: In a method for ascertaining a temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug in an internal combustion engine, a temperature difference between the temperature of a glow plug heater inside the sheathed-element glow plug and a temperature at an arbitrary location on the sheathed-element glow plug is determined as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine and/or at least one operating parameter of the sheathed-element glow plug. The temperature of the sheathed-element glow plug is ascertained from a temperature value represented by a measured value, and from the determined temperature difference.

Abstract: A method for regulating or controlling the temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug in a heating phase of the sheathed-element glow plug, where a temperature value is determined as a function of a resistance of the sheathed-element glow plug. To render possible the regulation or control of the temperature of the sheathed-element glow plug also during a transient temperature distribution within the sheathed-element glow plug, the resistance used for determining the temperature value during a transient thermal response within the sheathed-element glow plug is calculated with the aid of a physical model.

Abstract: Suggested is a procedure for operating a combustion engine (10), which comprises at least one pencil-type glow plug (12) that is assigned to at least one cylinder (11), and in whose exhaust gas area (13) at least one catalytic converter (14) is arranged, as well as a device for implementing the procedure. The pencil-type glow plug (12) is operated at least temporarily independent of the combustion engine operating status until reaching a preset measure for the conversion capability of the catalytic converter (14). The procedure according to the invention enables a low-emission operation of the combustion engine (10) simultaneously with minimal energy consumption and an extended lifetime of the pencil-type glow plug (12).

Abstract: A pressure control for the program-controlled drive of at least one pressure actuating member influences the hydraulic constellation in a transmission via the pressure (p). The program-controlled drive takes place via changes of states (z; Z0, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7) from current states (z(t)) to subsequent states (z(t+1)) and that the states (z; Z0, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7) are all configurable without change of program. A method is provided for the program-controlled drive of at least one pressure actuating member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pressure control for the program-controlled drive of at least one pressure actuating member in order to influence the hydraulic constellation in a transmission via the pressure (p).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of quinuclidine-3-methanol comprising reacting quinuclidine-3-one acid addition salt with an alkali metal cyanide in an aqueous media to obtain 3-cyano-3-hydroxy-quinuclidine, reacting the latter with anhydrous methanol in the presence of hydrogen chloride gas followed by treatment with aqueous alkali to obtain methyl 3-hydroxy-quinuclidine-3-carboxylate, reacting the latter with thionyl chloride to form methyl 1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)oct-2-ene-3-carboxylate, hydrogenating the latter with Raney nickel to obtain methyl 1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)octane-3-carboxylate and reducing the latter to obtain quinuclidine-3-methanol which is an intermediate for mequitazine which is useful as an antihistaminic.