Abstract: A process for the manufacture of highly compressed paper containing synthetic fibers with a volume weight of equal to or greater than 0.9 kg/dm.sup.3 whereby the paper sheet which comprises a mixture of cellulose and thermoplastic synthetic fibers in the ratio of 50:50 to 90:10 with a degree of grinding of 35 to 75 SR, is treated with sizing, retention and wetting agents and, if applicable, filler materials and is sized on the surface. Subsequently during a separate operational stage the sheet is subjected to a glaze finishing at surface temperatures of the calender rollers of equal to or greater than 100.degree. C. and linear roller pressures equal to or greater than 30 Kn/m.

Abstract: A method of determining radiation doses by evaluation of nuclear tracks in an irradiated foil of track recording material through the use of an electrochemical etching cell which is subdivided into two chambers by the foil with the irradiated side of the foil contacted by a mixture of an etchant and a solvent and the opposite side of the foil contacted by an electrolyte and with a first electrode immersed into the mixture and a second immersed into the electrolyte, the method including the steps of: (a) applying an alternating voltage across the two electrodes establishing an electric field through the foil; (b) etching the nuclear tracks by selective exposure to the mixture for a given period of time in the presence of the electric field; (c) continuously recording the electrical capacitance between the electrodes during the performance of step (b); and (d) comparing the electrical capacitance reached after a given etching time with a calibrated value for obtaining a measure for the radiation dose.

Abstract: Alpha and beta particles containing samples are detected to generate deter pulses wherein the leading edge of the pulses rise particle specifically almost constantly during a predetermined time with the slope of the pulses generated by alpha particles being substantially greater than the slope of the pulses generated by the beta particles. This physical phenomenon which is substantially independent of the energy of the particles is utilized for discrimination to determine which type of particle produced the pulse.The linear starting region of the leading edge of the detector pulse is time discriminated in the nanosecond range. During the time given by the time discrimination, the detector pulses of alpha particles reach substantially higher amplitude values than the detector pulses generated by beta particles.