Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for isomerizing polyunsaturated non-aromatic compounds including acyclic conjugated polyenes and alicyclic conjugated polyenes. In particular it relates to an improved and safe process for forming a 11-E retinoid compounds in high yield by expending as few energy as possible and with avoiding at most possible side products or product mixtures. This is achieved by feeding at least one of retinoid compounds of formula 2 to 5, or at least one of retinoid compounds of formula 2 to 5 and retinoid compound of formula 1, an organic solvent and a photosensitizer into a reaction device and irradiating the thus obtained reaction mixture with visible monochromatic light, at least 90% of the power of said monochromatic light and at most 100% of said power being emitted in the range from 460 nm to 580 nm.

Abstract: The present application describes a new process for the preparation of polyisobutene derivatives, such polyisobutene derivatives, and their use. The process irradiates a reaction mixture containing an oxygen-containing gas in contact with polyisobutene, a photosensitizer and an optional solvent, with monochromatic light emitted from an electroluminescent lighting device, at least 90% of power of said monochromatic light and at most 100% of said power being emitted in the range from 350 nm to 680 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 4-hydroxy-2-methylene-butanal, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enal and esters thereof of the formula (I.a) and (I.b) where R1 is as defined in the claims and the description, by subjecting isoprenol or an ester thereof to a photooxidation in the presence of a photosensitizer and an acylating agent. The invention relates moreover to certain hydroperoxides of the compounds (I.a) or (I.b), and to the use thereof as intermediates in the synthesis of compounds (I.a) and (I.b) or in the synthesis of retinol, stereoisomers and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for calculating a setpoint value curve for an intervention in an operation of a vehicle component of a vehicle in order to set an operating variable to a target value in the vehicle component. The operating variable is cyclically compared with a start value, and if it is detected that the operating variable has the start value, a setpoint trajectory for setting the operating variable along a time curve in accordance with a predetermined curve shape to the target value starts by an intervention in a manipulated variable which acts on the operating variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device for a photoreactor comprising a tubular housing (40) having a longitudinal axis (41) and a plurality of individual light sources (30) mounted on the inner surface of the housing (40), wherein the housing (40) comprises flow channels (46) for a heat transfer fluid, the flow channels (46) being arranged at the back side of the inner surface of the housing (40) behind the individual light sources forming a conformal cooling passage for the individual light sources. The invention further relates to a photoreactor comprising a lighting device and a reaction chamber with at least one tubular flow channel, the reaction chamber being arranged inside the lighting device and the channel wall being made of a material transmissive to the light emitted by the light sources.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyisobutene derivatives involves bringing an oxygen-containing gas in contact with polyisobutene, in the presence of a photosensitizer, and irradiating the reaction mixture. The polyisobutene derivatives are useful, for example, in hydrocarbon mixtures or hydrocarbon-containing oils.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device, to the use of the lighting device in a photochemical reaction, to a photochemical reactor and to a method used by the lighting device. The lighting device 100 comprises an LED unit 110 configured to emit light 114 to be used in the photochemical reaction, a housing 120 configured to house the LED unit, wherein at least a part of the housing is transparent for light to be used in the photochemical reaction, wherein the housing is configured to contain a dielectric liquid transparent for light generated by the LED unit such that it is in direct contact with at least a part of the light emitting side of the LED unit, and a liquid movement arrangement 130 configured to support a movement of the dielectric liquid such that the dielectric liquid transports heat produced by the LED unit away from the LED unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for isomerizing polyunsaturated non-aromatic compounds including acyclic conjugated polyenes and alicyclic conjugated polyenes. In particular it relates to an improved and safe process for forming a 11-E retinoid compounds in high yield by expending as few energy as possible and with avoiding at most possible side products or product mixtures. This is achieved by feeding at least one of retinoid compounds of formula 2 to 5, or at least one of retinoid compounds of formula 2 to 5 and retinoid compound of formula 1, an organic solvent and a photosensitizer into a reaction device and irradiating the thus obtained reaction mixture with visible monochromatic light, at least 90% of the power of said monochromatic light and at most 100% of said power being emitted in the range from 460 nm to 580 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprising a) providing bromine in chloroform; and b) radiation of the resulting solution with light in the range of 350 to 550 nm, wherein said solution of bromine in chloroform is not radiated with radiation of a wavelength below 350 nm.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for making astacene of formula 1, the exocyclic double bonds thereof having either an E configuration or an E- and/or Z-configuration, wherein astaxanthin of the general formula 2 having asymmetric centers 3 and 3?, each of which respectively having an (S)- or (R)-conformation and the exocyclic double bonds of said astaxanthin 2 having either an E- or E- and/or Z configuration, is oxidized in the presence of at least one tertiary alcoholate.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus for the temperature control of an electrical power supply unit may include a cooling device, at least one heating device, and a heat transfer component. The heat transfer component may provide a thermal coupling for the cooling device and the at least one heating device. The cooling device, the at least one heating device, and the heat transfer component may be thermally coupled to each other and stacked one on top of the other in a stacking direction. The cooling device may include at least one fluid path through which a fluid is flowable. The at least one heating device may include at least one electrical heating element arranged between an electrically conductive first contact plate and an electrically conductive second contact plate. The heat transfer component may also include a first side that faces the first contact plate and includes at least one recess.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing bromotrichloromethane comprising a) providing bromine in chloroform; and b) radiation of the resulting solution with light in the range of 350 to 550 nm, wherein said solution of bromine in chloroform is not radiated with radiation of a wavelength below 350 nm.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for making astacene of formula 1, the exocyclic double bonds thereof having either an E configuration or an E- and/or Z-configuration, wherein astaxanthin of the general formula 2 having asymmetric centers 3 and 3?, each of which respectively having an (S)- or (R)-conformation and the exocyclic double bonds of said astaxanthin 2 having either an E- or E- and/or Z configuration, is oxidized in the presence of at least one tertiary alcoholate.

Abstract: A temperature control device for tempering of a battery may include a cooling device configured to be flowed through by a coolant for cooling the battery, an electric heating module configured to heat the battery and a heat transmission component configured to thermally couple the cooling device and the electric heating module to the battery. The battery may be temperature-controlled. The heat transmission component may have a recess. An electric heating module may be received in the recess and may be secured to the heat transmission component via an adhesive connection. The recess may be arranged on a first side comprising one of an upper side or underside of the heat transmission component. The electric heating module may be received in the recess and may terminate flush with the first side. The cooling device may lie in a planar manner against the first side of the heat transmission component.

Abstract: A temperature control device for tempering of a battery may include a cooling device configured to be flowed through by a coolant for cooling the battery, an electric heating module configured to heat the battery and a heat transmission component configured to thermally couple the cooling device and the electric heating module to the battery. The battery may be temperature-controlled. The heat transmission component may have a recess. An electric heating module may be received in the recess and may be secured to the heat transmission component via an adhesive connection. The recess may be arranged on a first side comprising one of an upper side or underside of the heat transmission component. The electric heating module may be received in the recess and may terminate flush with the first side. The cooling device may lie in a planar manner against the first side of the heat transmission component.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus for the temperature control of an electrical power supply unit may include a cooling device, at least one heating device, and a heat transfer component. The heat transfer component may provide a thermal coupling for the cooling device and the at least one heating device. The cooling device, the at least one heating device, and the heat transfer component may be thermally coupled to each other and stacked one on top of the other in a stacking direction. The cooling device may include at least one fluid path through which a fluid is flowable. The at least one heating device may include at least one electrical heating element arranged between an electrically conductive first contact plate and an electrically conductive second contact plate. The heat transfer component may also include a first side that faces the first contact plate and includes at least one recess.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus for a battery may include a base plate in which at least one fluid path for flowing-through of at least one of a coolant and a refrigerant is provided. At least one support part may be provided, in which in each case at least one electrical heating element is provided that is thermally coupled to the base plate. The heating and cooling apparatus may include a cover plate. The base plate, the at least one support part and the cover plate may be arranged adjacent to one another along a stack direction.

Abstract: A heating and cooling device for a battery may include an electrically conductive base plate for thermal coupling to the battery. The base plate may include at least one fluid path for flowing through by a coolant. The device may include a carrier plate of an electrically non-conductive material, into which at least one electric heating element may be inserted. The carrier plate may be connected electrically with the electrically conductive base plate. An electrically conductive cover plate may be connected electrically with the electric heating element. The base plate, the carrier plate and the cover plate may be stacked on one another along a stacking direction.

Abstract: A heat transfer device for a motor vehicle may include a pump and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may have a first inlet and a first outlet for a refrigerant, and a second inlet and a second outlet for a coolant. The pump and the heat exchanger may be mounted to each other forming a common assembly.

Abstract: A method is used to treat a surface of a brake disc to increase the adhesive power of a coating to the surface. The method includes roughening the surface by introducing at least one depression in the surface. The width of the depression is widened with increasing depth of the depression. A positive connection is formed between the brake disc and the coating via an undercut.