Abstract: Methods of detecting and monitoring the progression of liver disease, including time to death, and methods of treating liver disease, in a mammal are provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of analyzing a fecal sample including measuring the amount of ethanol produced by the fecal sample and measuring the presence, absence, or relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella pneumoniae in the fecal sample compared to a reference sample, and/or measuring the expression of genes associated with the heterolactic fermentation pathway, the mixed acid fermentation pathway, the ethanolamine utilization pathway, and/or acetylene degradation pathway. Also provided herein are methods of treating a condition associated with gut alcohol production in a subject including analyzing a fecal sample from a subject, determining the subject has a gut alcohol production condition, and administering to the subject an effective amount of a treatment comprising a probiotic with optional resistant starch, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), an antimicrobial agent, a microbial enzyme inhibitor, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method to prevent, inhibit or treat liver disease in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more AChR4 positive allosteric modulators, is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for the use of an oligosaccharide for the treatment of liver disease. More particularly, the disclosure provide methods and composition for treating liver disease comprising administering 2?-FL to a subject.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for the use of an oligosaccharide for the treatment of liver disease. More particularly, the disclosure provide methods and composition for treating liver disease comprising administering 2?-FL to a subject.

Abstract: Methods of detecting and monitoring the progression of liver disease, including time to death, and methods of treating liver disease, in a mammal are provided.