Abstract: In a method for operating and controlling/regulating a power station comprising a coal-fired steam generator (11), the steam generator (11) of which is rated for the steam parameters achievable by the heat transfer onto the steam mass flow upon coal firing in the steam generator (11) carried out using combustion air, a solution is to be created, which enables the operation of coal-fired power stations rated for air operation utilizing a firing of the fuel carried out according to the oxy-fuel process in the firing chamber of the steam generator of the coal-fired power station.

Abstract: An improved method of performing a dual damascene etch through a layer stack disposed above a substrate. The layer stack includes an underlying device layer and an insulating layer disposed above the underlying device layer. The method includes forming a trench in a top surface of the insulating layer such that the trench is positioned over the underlying device layer and separated therefrom by insulating material at a bottom of the trench. The method also includes, depositing flowable oxide over the top surface of the insulating layer and into the trench followed by planarizing the flowable oxide down to about a level of the top surface of the insulating layer. Further, the method includes, etching through the flowable oxide within the trench and through insulating material at the bottom of the trench down to the underlying device layer to form a via.

Abstract: A multilayer interconnect structure for a semiconductor integrated circuit comprising a base layer of titanium, a second layer of titanium nitride, a third layer of an aluminum alloy and a top layer of titanium nitride. All of the layers contained within the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited by in-situ deposition in an ultra-high vacuum deposition system. The different layers deposited in the deposition system are conducted consecutively without a disruption to the vacuum. Although each layer in the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited within the integrated ultra-high vacuum deposition system, with multiple deposition chambers, the deposition of the different layers is conducted at different temperatures. The time to the electromigration failure of the multilayer interconnect structure, caused by the electromigration of the aluminum alloy, is greatly increased by depositing the aluminum alloy layer at a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C. and preferably between 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A multilayer interconnect structure for a semiconductor integrated circuit comprising a base layer of titanium, a second layer of titanium nitride, a third layer of an aluminum alloy and a top layer of titanium nitride. All of the layers contained within the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited by in-situ deposition in an ultra-high vacuum deposition system. The different layers deposited in the deposition system are conducted consecutively without a disruption to the vacuum. Although each layer in the multilayer interconnect structure are deposited within the integrated ultra-high vacuum deposition system, with multiple deposition chambers, the deposition of the different layers is conducted at different temperatures. The time to the electromigration failure of the multilayer interconnect structure, caused by the electromigration of the aluminum alloy, is greatly increased by depositing the aluminum alloy layer at a temperature in excess of 300.degree. C. and preferably between 350.degree. C.