Abstract: A method for detecting electromagnetic threats to an aircraft, wherein electromagnetic fields are measured, and in the case of an arising threat to the aircraft being detected, countermeasures are taken, characterized by the following steps: measuring the frequency and the amplitude of at least one electromagnetic field in the frequency range from 9 KHz to 40 GHz; analyzing the measured results and determining the field intensity in relation to each measured frequency; comparing the field intensity in relation to each measured frequency with stored limiting values or qualification values, wherein the aircraft is qualified for field intensities that are lower than the limiting values; and providing the result in the form of a warning signal in the case of approaching or exceeding a limiting value.

Abstract: A method for detecting electromagnetic threats to an aircraft, wherein electromagnetic fields are measured, and in the case of an arising threat to the aircraft being detected, countermeasures are taken, characterized by the following steps: measuring the frequency and the amplitude of at least one electromagnetic field in the frequency range from 9 KHz to 40 GHz; analysing the measured results and determining the field intensity in relation to each measured frequency; comparing the field intensity in relation to each measured frequency with stored limiting values or qualification values, wherein the aircraft is qualified for field intensities that are lower than the limiting values; and providing the result in the form of a warning signal in the case of approaching or exceeding a limiting value.

Abstract: A mechanical-electronic position sensor in which the wiper voltage of a potentiometer actuated by a plunger is measured, processed by a microcontroller, and is available as an analog output signal via an output stage. In the event that watchdog signals fail to appear because of a malfunction of the microcontroller, two monitoring stages deactivate the output stage. The monitoring stages themselves are tested by regularly interrupting the watchdog signals for a short time while the output stage is maintained active.

Abstract: In a method for function monitoring of an electronic-mechanical position switch in which the wiper voltage of a potentiometer acted upon by an actuation tappet is evaluated in comparison to a threshold value in order to activate or deactivate electronic contacts, during first or second test intervals a microcontroller interrupts watchdog signals or contact-closing control signals and checks the state of the switching contacts. If the expected state transition of the switching contacts from the closed into the open state does not occur, then the control signals make the transition to the contact-opening signal level or the watchdog signals are discontinued.

Abstract: A mechanical-electronic position sensor in which the wiper voltage of a potentiometer actuated by a plunger is measured, processed by a microcontroller and is available as an analog output signal via an output stage. In the event that watchdog signals fail to appear because of a malfunction of the microcontroller, two monitoring stages deactivate the output stage. The monitoring stages themselves are tested by regularly interrupting the watchdog signals for a short time while the output stage is maintained active.

Abstract: In a method for function monitoring of an electronic-mechanical position switch in which the wiper voltage of a potentiometer acted upon by an actuation tappet is evaluated in comparison to a threshold value in order to activate or deactivate electronic contacts, during first or second test intervals a microcontroller interrupts watchdog signals or contact-closing control signals and checks the state of the switching contacts. If the expected state transition of the switching contacts from the closed into the open state does not occur, then the control signals make the transition to the contact-opening signal level or the watchdog signals are discontinued.

Abstract: A control and signaling unit or a signaling unit having a light-emitting element, made up of a front element and a mounting adapter for locking the functional elements into place. This is achieved in that only one light-emitting diode having a diode crown and connecting wires are integrated in the functional element, the diode crown being embedded and retained in a receptacle, the light-emitting diode having an angle of radiation of 30-45°. The light-emitting diode has a luminosity of at least 0.5 candela, and an electronic circuit is arranged on circuit conductors, secured to the inner housing wall of a housing half and applied using a foil heat-embossing process.