Abstract: An overcurrent limiting and detection unit includes a ferrite core that is brought into a saturated region with respect to its magnetic conductivity by arranging at least one permanent magnet to effect magnetic non-conductivity of the ferrite core, a network coil that is wound around a part of the ferrite core and that is configured such that, during operation of the overcurrent limiting unit and detection unit, an electric network current flows through it, the at least one permanent magnet being arranged on the ferrite core such that a magnetic flux caused by the at least one permanent magnet flows against a magnetic flux caused by the network coil during operation, wherein a detection coil being galvanically isolated from the network coil, is wound around a part of the ferrite core and is configured to detect a transition from the saturated region to an unsaturated region.

Abstract: Large-signal inductance measuring device for performing a measuring operation for measuring an inductance at an electrical energy supply line arrangement operated with a DC voltage, the large-signal inductance measuring device including: a disconnecting switch for electrically disconnecting the first conductor of the energy supply line arrangement; a first series circuit including a first capacitive arrangement and a first diode arrangement; a first measuring device for measuring a first change in voltage after the first conductor is disconnected; a second series circuit including a second capacitive arrangement and a second diode arrangement; a second measuring device for measuring a second change in voltage after the first conductor is disconnected; a third measuring device for measuring a third current on the first conductor before the first conductor is disconnected; and an evaluation device for evaluating the measured first change in voltage, the measured second change in voltage, and the measured third

Abstract: A DC/DC converter device has a DC/DC converter with a defined voltage conversion ratio which does not equal 1. A switch assembly is used to switch a current flow between a converter input node and a converter out-put node of the DC/DC converter. In a first switch position, the DC/DC converter is operated in a first current flow direction, and in a second switch position, the DC/DC converter is operated in a second, opposite current flow direction. An electric charge connection unit is used for DC charging process of batteries of mobile loads via multiple socket/plug connections. A galvanic isolation element is used to galvanically isolate of the socket/plug connections. The DC/DC converter device can be part of a control/regulating system for a power grid. The result is a DC/DC converter device with which the possibility of a DC charging process for batteries of mobile loads is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for a frequency characterization of an electronic system is provided. The apparatus includes two terminals configured to couple with the electronic system. Further, the apparatus includes a control circuit configured to generate a test signal. The apparatus further includes a coupling circuit including an adjustable impedance and a switch which are coupled in series. End nodes of the coupling circuit are coupled to the two terminals. The switch is configured here to electrically couple the two terminals with each other based on the test signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for a frequency characterization of an electronic system is provided. The apparatus includes two terminals configured to couple with the electronic system. Further, the apparatus includes a control circuit configured to generate a test signal. The apparatus further includes a coupling circuit including an adjustable impedance and a switch which are coupled in series. End nodes of the coupling circuit are coupled to the two terminals. The switch is configured here to electrically couple the two terminals with each other based on the test signal.

Abstract: A device for examining an object, preferably a document of value, by using optical radiation, having an optical waveguide which has an anisotropic retro-reflector section, which is formed along a surface curved in a plane of curvature and which reflects radiation components specularly in a first plane of incidence parallel to the plane of curvature but retro-reflects radiation components orthogonally with respect to the first plane of incidence, so that at least a proportion of the optical radiation falling in a glancing manner on the retro-reflector section is at least partly guided on the convex side of the surface by reflection on the retro-reflector section.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for testing of sensors for documents of value and a pertinent test medium. A test medium (1) having an electronic data memory (7) for data is provided, the data being used for testing the sensor (11). The data are transmitted from the test medium to a test device (12), which tests the sensor in dependence on the transmitted data.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for checking the usage state of a document of value. The document of value is illuminated with illumination light and with the help of an image sensor there is detected the light intensity of the light reflected from the document of value in order to take an image of the document of value. Of the taken image there is chosen an image detail in which there is imaged an opaque, reflective section of the document of value. The chosen image detail is examined for signs of creases which are possibly present in the opaque, reflective section of the document of value. The results of the examination for creases are used to evaluate the usage state of the document of value.

Abstract: An optical system having a plane anisotropic retroreflector portion which specularly reflects radiation components in a first plane of incidence, but retroreflects radiation components in a second plane of incidence, a first imaging portion which produces on the retroreflector portion a line-shaped intermediate image of an object point in an object plane in a specified position relative to the system, the image extending along a line in the second plane of incidence, and a second imaging portion by means of which the line-shaped intermediate image is imaged into an image point.

Abstract: Scanning apparatuses for scanning bar codes applied to documents have a reflector arrangement having either a variable reflection element or a light guide system. The reflection element or light guide system serves to deflect the beam path of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a radiation source or an illumination device in the document plane along a line substantially perpendicular to the feed direction of the document, or to capture it, and to relay it to a detector.

Abstract: A device for examining an object, preferably a document of value, by using optical radiation, having an optical waveguide which has an anisotropic retro-reflector section, which is formed along a surface curved in a plane of curvature and which reflects radiation components specularly in a first plane of incidence parallel to the plane of curvature but retro-reflects radiation components orthogonally with respect to the first plane of incidence, so that at least a proportion of the optical radiation falling in a glancing manner on the retro-reflector section is at least partly guided on the convex side of the surface by reflection on the retro-reflector section.

Abstract: An optical system having a plane anisotropic retroreflector portion which specularly reflects radiation components in a first plane of incidence, but retroreflects radiation components in a second plane of incidence, a first imaging portion which produces on the retroreflector portion a line-shaped intermediate image of an object point in an object plane in a specified position relative to the system, the image extending along a line in the second plane of incidence, and a second imaging portion by means of which the line-shaped intermediate image is imaged into an image point.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for checking the usage state of a document of value. The document of value is illuminated with illumination light and with the help of an image sensor there is detected the light intensity of the light reflected from the document of value in order to take an image of the document of value. Of the taken image there is chosen an image detail in which there is imaged an opaque, reflective section of the document of value. The chosen image detail is examined for signs of creases which are possibly present in the opaque, reflective section of the document of value. The results of the examination for creases are used to evaluate the usage state of the document of value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an object of value with a security element, which has at least one liquid-crystalline material, the liquid-crystalline material effecting a linear polarization of light.

Abstract: The invention relates to sheet material having an electrical circuit and to apparatuses and methods for processing said sheet material. The present invention describes sheet material having an electrical circuit as well as apparatuses and methods for processing same, which reduce the effort required for processing the sheet material and/or facilitate processing and/or improve it and/or make it more reliable. For this purpose, the sheet material has at least one electrical circuit, with energy and/or data being transmitted from the apparatus to the electrical circuit and/or from the electrical circuit to the apparatus and at least part of the transmitted data being used for processing.

Abstract: In an apparatus for testing value documents, such as for example bank notes, an area of the bank note is captured from different directions with the help of two optical sensors aligned symmetrically to each other. The measured values supplied by the sensors on the one hand are added up in order to obtain a total measured value which is insensitive to asymmetric effects of the value document, and on the other hand the measured values are subtracted in order to capture exactly these asymmetric effects. In this way with the help of one single apparatus there can be tested authenticity features as well as the quality of the actual state of the value document.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for examining documents (2), in particular banknotes. Therein the apparatus (1) comprises at least one light source (3), at least one spectral device (8) and at least two detection devices (9, 10, 11, 24). By means of the light source (3) the document (2) is irradiated and the light emitted and/or reflected and/or transmitted by the document (2) is subsequently divided into spectral components by means of the spectral device (8). The spectral components are separately detected by the detection devices. The spectral division of the light (4) emanating from the light source (3) can also be carried out before the light impinges on the document (2). The apparatus (1) is designed so as to individually weight the spectral components to be detected respectively by the detection devices (9, 10, 11, 24).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for checking bank notes, in which data from at least two different measurings of the bank notes to be checked are evaluated. Bank notes are checked, whereby data from at least two different measurings of bank notes to be checked are evaluated, a first property of the bank note to be checked being derived from the data of at least one first measuring, at least one second property of the bank note to be checked being derived from the data of at least one second measuring. A correlation between the first and the second property for the same places on the bank note to be checked is determined, and the first property is derived once again. For the places of the bank note to be checked, for which a correlation between first and at least second property has been determined, an altered derivation of the first property from the data of the at least first measuring is performed.

Abstract: An illuminating device for linearly illuminating a flat object, in particular a bank note, includes at least one or a plurality of linearly disposed light sources, a mirror arrangement serving as a reflector that extends in parallel to the linearly disposed light sources, with an optical axis perpendicular thereto. The mirror arrangement includes plane mirrors, with at least one first mirror having a structure, which images the light source to form at least one linear image in parallel to the mirror arrangement. At least one second mirror images the at least one linear image to form a linear illumination in parallel to the mirror arrangement on the optical axis or in the proximity of the optical axis.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for testing of sensors for documents of value and a pertinent test medium. A test medium (1) having an electronic data memory (7) for data is provided, the data being used for testing the sensor (11). The data are transmitted from the test medium to a test device (12), which tests the sensor in dependence on the transmitted data.