Abstract: A method for operating a photovoltaic system with a plurality of photovoltaic modules and with a DC motor connected to the photovoltaic modules is proposed. The motor shaft of the DC motor is coupled to a generator shaft of a three-phase generator, wherein the three-phase generator can be connected to a power grid. The motor shaft of a second DC motor can also be connected with the generator shaft, and the electric energy produced by the photovoltaic modules is initially only used for driving a single DC motor and is during the subsequent operation divided between those DC motors. A battery is provided which can be connected with the second DC motor instead of the PV system by changing the excitation of the second DC motor such that it's motor voltage corresponds to the open-circuit voltage of the battery.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system having a plurality of photovoltaic modules producing electric energy and method for operating such photovoltaic system are disclosed. With the method, the photovoltaic modules are connected to a first DC motor having a motor shaft, and a generator shaft of a three-phase generator is coupled to the motor shaft. The three-phase generator can be connected to a power grid. The motor shaft of a second DC motor can be connected to the generator shaft, with only one of the two DC motors being initially driven with the electric energy produced by the photovoltaic modules. The electric energy is subsequently divided among both the first and the second DC motor. This process significantly shortens the startup process of the photovoltaic system compared to conventional systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for preparing connection of a photovoltaic system (Q1) as a first energy source to a power grid (13) by way of a motor generator set (5, 6, 7) is presented. The DC motor (5) is coupled to a three-phase generator (7) by way of a shaft (6), wherein the three-phase generator (7) can be connected to the power grid (13). It has been observed that connecting this type of apparatus to the small or varying power output of the photovoltaic system (Q1) can be difficult and time-consuming. To enable a clean and quick connection, the DC motor (5) is powered with electric DC current from a second DC current source (Q2), wherein the operation of the three-phase generator (7) is matched to the conditions in the power grid (13) with the help of the second DC current source (Q2), and wherein the photovoltaic system (Q1) is connected to the DC motor (5) and the second DC current source (Q2) is disconnected from the DC motor (5) only after a complete match has been attained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling device for connecting line devices, preferably quick connector, having a coupling housing comprising a connecting device that can be connected to an end section of a line device or of a second connecting device, and a valve body which can be transferred from a closed position to an open position when the end section of the line device or of the second connecting device is brought together with the coupling housing. The valve body can be actuated by means of a force deflecting device by bringing the end section of the line device or of the second connecting device together with the coupling housing.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules and a DC motor connected to a three-phase generator driven by a shaft. The three-phase generator is connected to a power mains. The electric power supplied to the DC motor by the plurality of photovoltaic modules is repeatedly measured and adjusted, by changing an external excitation current of the DC motor, to the peak power attainable at the current ambient temperature and the current incident solar radiation intensity. The peak power is preferably determined by incrementally changing the excitation current in predetermined time intervals, until the supplied electric power produces a power level which can be regarded as the peak power.

Abstract: A mounting support for mounting photovoltaic modules constructed with at least one glass pane on a flat roof surface includes a flexible elongated strip having a bottom side with a substantially smooth surface for attachment to the roof surface and a top side with a substantially smooth surface for supporting the photovoltaic modules. The top side of the strip includes recesses oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip and separating strip segments which allows the mounting support or strip to be easily rolled up. The strip segments include integrally formed fastening members configured to engage with cooperating fasteners for securing the photovoltaic modules on top side of the strip. The top surface may also include longitudinal grooves or tubes holding the fastening members.

Abstract: The photovoltaic system includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules which are connected to form a string or several strings connected in parallel, thereby forming a photovoltaic generator having a positive terminal and negative terminal. A DC constant voltage source connected to the photovoltaic generator to raise the potential of the positive terminal relative to ground potential. This reduces the flow of electrons out of the TCO layer of the modules, thereby reducing or completely eliminating cathode discharges which damage the modules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve device, preferably for a line device or connecting device. Said valve device comprises a valve body that can be transferred from an open position to a closed position. Said valve body comprises movable sectored devices having sealing edges or sealing surfaces via which, in a closed position, a sealing contact of the sectored device to adjoining sealing edges or sealing surfaces can be established. The sectored devices can at least be in sections moved away in the radial direction from the centre axis when the valve body is transferred to the open position and release a flow area.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules and a DC motor connected to a three-phase generator driven by a shaft. The three-phase generator is connected to a power mains. The electric power supplied to the DC motor by the plurality of photovoltaic modules is repeatedly measured and adjusted, by changing an external excitation current of the DC motor, to the peak power attainable at the current ambient temperature and the current incident solar radiation intensity. The peak power is preferably determined by incrementally changing the excitation current in predetermined time intervals, until the supplied electric power produces a power level which can be regarded as the peak power.

Abstract: An automatable measuring, cleaning and calibrating device for pH-electrodes or electrodes for measuring redox potentials, specifically in process engineering, having an electrode armature which keeps the measuring electrode in an operating position or in a maintenance position, whereby the electrode is retained in the maintenance position in a rinsing chamber in which a cleaning and calibration procedure can be performed. The device has a pump device to supply cleaning fluid and calibration solutions to the rinsing chamber over a delivery line connecting the pump device and the rinsing chamber. In order to configure the device more compactly, the pump device includes several feeds on its intake side, and a device is furnished to selectively activate a particular feed, and the media (cleaning fluid, calibration solution, etc.) brought selectively over the particular feeds to the pump device reach the rinsing chamber over the common delivery line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interchangeable fitting with a fitting housing (12), a removable measurement probe (14) which is movably guided axially in the housing (12) for insertion into a container, a shut-off element (16) which closes the fitting (10) relative to the interior of the container, and a guide means (22) which can be guided to move axially in the housing (12) for holding and guiding the measurement probe (14) in the fitting housing (12) between a measurement position in which the measurement probe (14) has been inserted into the container, and a stand-by position in which the measurement probe (14) is located within the fitting housing (10), the measurement probe (14) comprising a measurement probe body (15) and a sensor (26), the measurement probe (14) being fixed with its measurement probe body (15) on the end face (23) of the guide means (22), and the sensor (26) being mounted on the free side of the measurement probe body (15) which points in the direction to the container and the cross sect

Abstract: A system for feeding direct current into an alternating current network includes a plurality of active inverters with each of the active inverters having an optimum input power and being connected at a respective input side to at least one direct current generator of fluctuating output power. A switching device is included for the one or more direct current generators from a first active inverter to a second active inverter, or vice-versa, for effecting a switchover operation, with a control device initiating the switchover operation upon fulfillment of a condition; the control device including a device for determining when the condictionis fulfilled.

Abstract: An automatable measuring, cleaning and calibrating device for pH-electrodes or electrodes for measuring redox potentials, specifically in process engineering, having an electrode armature which keeps the measuring electrode in an operating position or in a maintenance position, whereby the electrode is retained in the maintenance position in a rinsing chamber in which a cleaning and calibration procedure can be performed. The device has a pump device to supply cleaning fluid and calibration solutions to the rinsing chamber over a delivery line connecting the pump device and the rinsing chamber. In order to configure the device more compactly, the pump device includes several feeds on its intake side, and a device is furnished to selectively activate a particular feed, and the media (cleaning fluid, calibration solution, etc.) brought selectively over the particular feeds to the pump device reach the rinsing chamber over the common delivery line.

Abstract: In a system for feeding direct current into the alternating current network having a plurality of active inverters, which are in each case connected at their input sides to at least one direct current generator, and a measurement device, it is proposed to provide switching elements for carrying out a switching operation. According to the proposal, the switchover operation effects a separation of at least one current generator from a first inverter and a connection of this/these current generator(s) to a second inverter. To initiate the switchover operation, a control device is provided, which specifies the conditions necessary for initiating a switchover operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interchangeable fitting with a fitting housing (12), a removable measurement probe (14) which is movably guided axially in the housing (12) for insertion into a container, a shut-off element (16) which closes the fitting (10) relative to the interior of the container, and a guide means (22) which can be guided to move axially in the housing (12) for holding and guiding the measurement probe (14) in the fitting housing (12) between a measurement position in which the measurement probe (14) has been inserted into the container, and a stand-by position in which the measurement probe (14) is located within the fitting housing (10), the measurement probe (14) comprising a measurement probe body (15) and a sensor (26), the measurement probe (14) being fixed with its measurement probe body (15) on the end face (23) of the guide means (22), and the sensor (26) being mounted on the free side of the measurement probe body (15) which points in the direction to the container and the cross sect

Abstract: A liquid-proof plug connector, for example for two cables to be connected, is described, which is provided with a plug and a coupling to which the two cables can be connected. The plug connector is furthermore provided with a plug housing and a coupling housing in which the plug and the coupling are housed, and with a locking ring by means of which the plug housing and the coupling housing can be screwed together. The plug housing and the coupling housing have an overlapping area in the screwed-together state, in which a seal between the two housings is arranged.

Abstract: An automatic feeding apparatus for an aquarium has a housing, a supply drum rotatably supported in the housing and provided with a food discharge opening, a drive device arranged in the housing for driving the supply drum. The housing has an opening which is spaced from the food discharge opening and through which outer air is supplied.

Abstract: Monolithic carrier matrixes are formed from high grade steel, consisting of alternating smooth and corrugated layers of sheet metal and/or screen cloth, which may be combined with layers of smooth screen cloth or of smooth or corrugated sheet metal, wherein the layers may be coated on their surfaces with a catalysis-promoting carrier material. These carrier matrixes may be used to produce catalysts for the purification of exhaust gases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalytic waste gas converter for internal combustion engines of various types in which there is used as carrier for the catalyst a carrier matrix made of a steel screen arranged in a housing holder. There are employed special flow guides made of spirally wound steel matrices for the various flow through possibilities favorable to conversion of the waste gas to be purified.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalytic waste gas converter for internal combustion engines of various types in which there is used as carrier for the catalyst a carrier matrix made of a steel screen arranged in a housing holder. There are employed special flow guides made of spirally wound steel matrices for the various flow through possibilities favorable to conversion of the waste gas to be purified.