Abstract: The inventive amplifier stage calibration comprises the following steps: creating conditions that are suitable for calibrating the amplifier stage; comparing signals output by the amplifier stage or comparing electrical quantities occurring inside the amplifier stage with one another or with assigned reference values, and; modifying the attributes of the amplifier stage based on the result of the comparison. The described compensation of errors in amplifier stages of series-connected components is effected by correspondingly calibrating the amplifier stage. The inventive devices and methods enable the calibration of amplifier stages and the compensation for errors in amplifier stages of series-connected components to be carried out rapidly and precisely in an astonishingly simple manner.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter circuit including an analog-to-digital converter and calibrating circuit, preferably in the form of a digital logic, for the auto-calibration of the analog-to-digital converter. This configuration produces a very high quality analog-to-digital converter with a very low surface area requirement. The calibrating circuit corrects any errors of the analog-to-digital converter outside or inside of the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: A CDR circuit arrangement, for example for a transceiver module, features a data recovery unit (4) for the recovery of the data contained in a received signal (DATA) by scanning this received data signal, and a phase evaluation unit for the determination of a suitable phase position for the scanning carried out by the data recovery unit (4).

Abstract: A steel strip or sheet steel having good cold formability and high-strength is described, comprising a light steel having (in weight-percent) C: ≦1.00%, Mn: 7.00-30.00%, Al: 1.00-10.00%, Si: >2.50-8.00%, Al+Si: >3.50-12.00%, B: >0.00-<0.01%, as well as alternately Ni: <8.00%, Cu: <3.00%, N: <0.60%, Nb: <0.30%, Ti: <0.30%, V: <0.30%, P: <0.01%, with the remainder iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Method for sampling phase control for clock and data recovery of a data signal includes sampling a received data signal with a first sampling signal comprising equidistant sampling pulses, minimizing phase deviation between the first sampling signal and the phase of the received data signal to generate an adjusted second sampling signal, and sampling the received data signal with the adjusted second sampling signal to generate sampling data values. The method also includes integrating the sampling data values of the sampled data signal to form a summation value, and altering the phase of sampling pulses of the adjusted second sampling signal until the integrated summation value exceeds a threshold value that can be set.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the production of cold-rolled bands or sheets from low-alloy steel with a maximum of 0.2% C, Al, Ti, V, Nb respectively and a maximum of 1% Si and Mn respectively, in addition to a portion of boron required for N binding (>0,78×N), the remainder being constituted by iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein said steel is cast after melting to slabs, thin slabs or a band, which are hot-rolled at a starting temperature above 1100° C. and at a final temperature below Ar3 and wherein the hot band is then drawn and cold-rolled at a temperature below 650° C., whereupon the cold band is annealed independently of the degree of cold-rolling at a low temperature that could possibly vary depending on the composition of the steel and ranging from 520 to 780° C. during a period of time that is sufficiently long to allow for complete recrystallization.

Abstract: Located between the frustoconical needle tip and the cylindrical needle shank of a nozzle needle of a fuel injection valve is a frustoconical needle portion, into which is introduced a peripheral groove, by means of which damping is capable of being set, depending on the position of the groove, during the axial movement of the nozzle needle.

Abstract: A multiphase comparator circuit includes a first differential stage; a first switching arrangement for connecting an output of the first differential stage to an input of a load circuit; and two or more regeneration stages. Each regeneration stage is connected to a load circuit and to the first switching arrangement. A clock-controlled second switching arrangement selectively provides an operating current to the regeneration stages. The first and second switching arrangements have switches that are driven so as to operate the regeneration stages in a manner temporally offset from each other.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter circuit including an analog-to-digital converter and calibrating circuit, preferably in the form of a digital logic, for the auto-calibration of the analog-to-digital converter. This configuration produces a very high quality analog-to-digital converter with a very low surface area requirement. The calibrating circuit corrects any errors of the analog-to-digital converter outside or inside of the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: The current source can be switched between a current-controlled mode and a voltage-controlled mode. A special type of drive to the current source has the result that it operates correctly and in a stable manner under all circumstances with only two input connections.

Abstract: A compensation circuit for attenuating or eliminating undesired properties of an operational amplifier and a corresponding compensation method determine conditions which are established inside or outside the operational amplifier and which allow to draw conclusions as to the presence and/or the degree of the undesired properties of the operational amplifier. The compensation circuit is controlled as a function of the determined conditions.

Abstract: A reference current source includes at least one first voltage-controlled current source, at least one second voltage-controlled current source, and an addition unit. The first voltage-controlled current source includes: at least one first control voltage source providing a first temperature-dependent control voltage, at least one first MOS transistor having a process gain, and an output providing a first current that is dependent on the control voltage and on the process gain of the first MOS transistor. The second voltage-controlled current source includes: at least one second control voltage source providing a second control voltage, at least one second MOS transistor having a process gain, and an output providing a second current that is dependent on the second control voltage and on the process gain of the second MOS transistor. The addition unit provides a reference current from the first current and the second current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reference current source having the following features:

Abstract: The present invention relates to an analog-to-digital converter having the following features:

Abstract: In order to provide a cost-effective, time saving method for producing aging-resistant strip consisting of aluminum-killed steel, for which, initially, a strip is produced in the usual manner by rolling and the rolled strip is annealed continuously, the still hot strip is wound into a coil and cooled to room temperature, the strip, cooled in the coil, being finally finished.

Abstract: A compensation circuit for attenuating or eliminating undesired properties of an operational amplifier and a corresponding compensation method determine conditions which are established inside or outside the operational amplifier and which allow to draw conclusions as to the presence and/or the degree of the undesired properties of the operational amplifier. The compensation circuit is controlled as a function of the determined conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing cold-rolled, high-strength steel strip with good plasticity and isotropic properties out of steel comprising no more than 0.08% carbon, no more than 10% silicon, no more than 1.8% manganese, between 0.010 and 0.10% phosphorus, no more than 0.02% sulfur, no more than 0.08% aluminum and no more than 0.008% nitrogen by weight plus one or more of the elements titanium, vanadium, niobium, and zirconium, the remainder being iron, by hot rolling, cold rolling, and recrystallization annealing; followed by temper rolling. The steel contains either three times as much titanium or six times as much niobium or zirconium as nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for manufacturing a worked weldable, low temperature ferritic steel consisting of0.015 to 0.08% C0.1 to 0.5% Si0.3 to 0.6% Mn<0.015% P<0.015% S4 to 7% Ni0 to 1.5% Cuthe rest iron and unavoidable impurities in normal amounts which is characterized in that the steel has added to it 0.15 to 0.25% vanadian and 0.020 to 0.030% nitrogen; the steel being rolled and then cooled to room temperature and finally subjected to a one time normalizing. Such a steel is usable as work material for making construction part especially for the transport and storage of liquified natural gas and having at a temperature of -196.degree. C. a notch charpy impact value at longitudinal test samples of more than 42 J.