Abstract: Suggested is a process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates by adding sulfur trioxide to a compound comprising at least one hydroxyl function and/or at least one double bond, which is characterized in that (i) the reaction is performed in a micro-reaction system (?-reactor), (ii) the sulfation/sulfonation agent used is a liquid sulfur trioxide, and (iii) the reaction is conducted in the presence of 0 to 20 Vol.-% of air, inert gas or organic solvents.

Abstract: Suggested is a process for preparing sulfates and/or sulfonates by adding sulfur trioxide to a compound comprising at least one hydroxyl function and/or at least one double bond, which is characterized in that (i) the reaction is performed in a micro-reaction system (pt-reactor), (ii) the sulfation/sulfonation agent used is a liquid sulfur trioxide, and (iii) the reaction is conducted in the presence of 0 to 20 Vol.-% of air, inert gas or organic solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products by reaction of compounds having a nucleophilic center with alkylene oxides in a reactor having a large inner surface. The invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out exclusively in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2??(I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said second reactor to provide a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transesteri

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for the efficient production of carotenoids. In particular, the present invention is directed to a method for producing carotenoid and carotenoid-containing cells, especially astaxanthin and astaxanthin-containing cells, by generating mutant microorganisms belonging to the photoautotrophic algae of the Class Chlorophyceae and culturing same. The present invention further relates to methods of generating microorganisms producing high yields of carotenoids, in particular astaxanthin, products containing said microorganisms or said carotenoids, and the use of said carotenoids produced by the microorganisms according to the present invention and deposited mutant strains generated from said microorganisms.

Abstract: A process of obtaining lutein in a high yield from green algae is described. Lutein and lutein-enriched products obtained by the process, which are suitable for use as dietary supplements and/or food additives, or cosmetic or pharmaceutical raw materials, are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of active substance concentrates, which is distinguished in that an active-substance-containing starting material, (i) (a) is either brought into contact with a PIT emulsion and the mixtures are heated to a temperature above the phase inversion temperature of the PIT emulsion, where they are held for a sufficient period of time, or (b) is brought into contact with an aqueous mixture of lipids and emulsifiers, which mixture is suitable for the formation of PIT emulsions, and the mixture is heated with strong shearing to a temperature above the phase inversion temperature with in-situ formation of a PIT emulsion, where the mixture is held for a sufficient period of time, (ii) the mixtures are cooled and filtered and, if appropriate, (iii) subjected to ultrafiltration and/or (iv) a further solvent extraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products. The method according to the invention is characterized by (a) contacting ethylene and/or propylene with an oxidizing agent in a first structured reactor (“? reactor”) and (b) feeding the ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide so obtained, optionally after purification, to a second structured reactor where it is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic molecular group.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing alkene oxides by contacting in a microreaction system (?-reactor) a C2- C3 alkene with an oxidizing agent comprising a peroxo compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel lipophilic preparations comprising (a) from 20 to 40% by weight of myristic acid or esters thereof, (b) from 20 to 40% by weight of palmitic acid or esters thereof, (c) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and (d) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 12 and fewer carbons in the acyl moiety and (e) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 16 and more carbons in the acyl moiety, with the proviso that all percentages add up to 100% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for the efficient production of carotenoids. In particular, the present invention is directed to a method for producing carotenoid and carotenoid-containing cells, especially astaxanthin and astaxanthin-containing cells, by generating mutant microorganisms belonging to the photoautotrophic algae of the Class Chlorophyceae and culturing same. The present invention further relates to methods of generating microorganisms producing high yields of carotenoids, in particular astaxanthin, products containing said microorganisms or said carotenoids, and the use of said carotenoids produced by the microorganisms according to the present invention and deposited mutant strains generated from said microorganisms.

Abstract: A process for the ozonolysis of unsaturated starting materials, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a structured reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2 ??(I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about_22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon_source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said_second reactor to provide_a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transeste

Abstract: A process for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions in a fixed-bed reactor includes providing at least one main reactor containing a first amount of catalyst; providing a first auxiliary reactor and a second auxiliary reactor, each containing a second amount of catalyst, wherein the first amount of catalyst is relatively larger than the second amount of catalyst; passing a starting product of a fatty compound through the first auxiliary reactor and reacting the starting product with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst; continuing the reaction through the at least one main reactor; and continuing the reaction through the second auxiliary reactor, wherein the first auxiliary reactor is reactivated. Another process provided includes a first and second main reactor, and a first and second auxiliary reactor, where relatively pure and impure starting products of a fatty compound are processed substantially continuously by cyclic switching of the reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkylene oxide addition products by reaction of compounds having a nucleophilic center with alkylene oxides in a reactor having a large inner surface. The invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out exclusively in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of active substance concentrates, which is distinguished in that an active-substance-containing starting material, (i) (a) is either brought into contact with a PIT emulsion and the mixtures are heated to a temperature above the phase inversion temperature of the PIT emulsion, where they are held for a sufficient period of time, or (b) is brought into contact with an aqueous mixture of lipids and emulsifiers, which mixture is suitable for the formation of PIT emulsions, and the mixture is heated with strong shearing to a temperature above the phase inversion temperature with in-situ formation of a PIT emulsion, where the mixture is held for a sufficient period of time, (ii) the mixtures are cooled and filtered and, if appropriate, (iii) subjected to ultrafiltration and/or (iv) a further solvent extraction.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide by contacting ethylene and/or propylene with an oxidizing agent, wherein (i) the reaction takes place in a microreaction system (p-reactor) and (ii) the oxidizing agent used is a peroxo compound.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a countercurrent process for the continuous esterification of C1-22 (fatty) acids with C1-10 monoalkanols, C2-5 di- or trialkanols or mixtures thereof in the liquid phase in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts in a preliminary reactor (1) and in a reaction column (3), characterized in that the reaction column (3) is preceded by the preliminary reactor (1) and a separation unit (2) for the purpose of reducing the viscosity of the reaction mixture and removing the water of reaction from the system via a separation unit (2) to displace the reaction equilibrium before the reaction column (3). A further aspect of the invention concerns feeding nitrogen in at the lowermost plate of the reaction column (3) in order to increase the vapor load in the lower part of the reaction column.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of glycerol of providing a vegetable oil or fat as starting material, obtaining crude glycerol from the vegetable oil or fat, and treating the crude glycerol with a reducing agent. The present invention also describes a process for the production of a medicament or pharmaceutical composition, the medicament or composition formed by combining glycerol and at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient. The present invention also describes a pharmaceutical composition or medicament composed of glycerol obtained by way of the invention and a pharmaceutically active ingredient, which compositions forms very little glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone during storage.

Abstract: A process for the ozonolysis of unsaturated starting materials, which is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a structured reactor.