Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-retardant filler based on aluminium hydroxide, its use in polymers and a method for its production, in which aluminium hydroxide in the form of bayerite or a bayerite/gibbsite mixture is modified under pressure at temperatures of at least 170° C. in the presence of water and crystal growth regulator, the aluminium hydroxide used as starting material having an average particle size d50 from 0.1 to 4 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-retardant filler based on aluminium hydroxide, its use in polymers and a method for its production, in which aluminium hydroxide in the form of bayerite or a bayerite/gibbsite mixture is modified under pressure at temperatures of at least 170° C. in the presence of water and crystal growth regulator, the aluminium hydroxide used as starting material having an average particle size d50 from 0.1 to 4 ?m.

Abstract: A method for introducing gases into liquids, wherein a stirred kettle is used which has the form of a cylindrical vessel in which the length/diameter ratio should be at least 1; and wherein the stirred kettle is filled to a level of more than 70% with the liquid into which gas is to be introduced, the gas feed rate is adapted to the absorption capacity of the liquid, and the stirrer speed is adjusted such that the largest coherent amount of gas is 10% of the volume of the stirred kettle.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of5-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar, organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated to step 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen chloride by reacting an aqueous sodium chloride solution with carbon dioxide under pressure in the presence of an amine and of an organic solvent.1. Carbon dioxide is introduced under a pressure of8-80 bars into a mixture essentially containing1.1 an aqueous sodium chloride solution,1.2 a tertiary amine,1.3 a non-polar organic solvent, and1.4 a polar, organic solvent having a boiling point above 140.degree. C.,2. the aqueous and organic phases obtained are separated under the same pressure as step 1,3. the aqueous phase is rid of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate and following reconcentration with sodium chloride is fed back into process stage 1 (carbonization),4. the organic phase(s) containing the polar and non-polar organic solvents is (are) heated and the hydrogen chloride released is evacuated, and5. the tertiary amine, polar and non-polar organic solvents from step 4 are recirculated in step 1.

Abstract: In a process for removing monomeric impurities from an aqueous dispersion of homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride having a surface tension below 60 dyn/cm. by treatment with steam while avoiding foam formation by a rapid lowering of the pressure at high flow velocities, the improvement which comprises:(a) continuously mixing said dispersion in a flow pipe with steam at a steam pressure of 800-4660 millibars for an average residence time of about 0.01-5 seconds;(b) continuously passing the resultant admixture from said flow pipe at a velocity of at least 30 meters per second directly to a degasification vessel having a pressure of 133-660 millibars; and(c) continuously recovering a polymer product containing less than 20 p.p.m. residual monomer impurities therefrom.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hydrogen chloride by splitting off hydrogen chloride from solutions of amine hydrochlorides. The hydrogen chloride is split off by heating the amine hydrochlorides at 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. in an inert, organic, essentially non-polar solvent having a boiling point at least 20.degree. C. above the temperature of heating while an inert gas stream is passed therethrough. The hydrogen chloride is then separated from the exiting mixture of inert gas and hydrogen chloride. The amine components of the amine hydrochlorides are tertiary alkylamines, tertiary aryldialkylamines, secondary arylalkylamines, primary alkylarylamines or mixtures thereof which contain 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the side chains bonded to nitrogen. Not more than one of the side chains of the amine component is a methyl group bonded to nitrogen and at least one of the side chains is an aliphatic radical, bonded to nitrogen, containing at least 6 carbon atoms. The inert solvents boil above 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Residual vinyl chloride contents of aqueous polyvinyl chloride dispersions is reduced to less than 50 ppm by withdrawing steam and vinyl chloride contained in a boiling aqueous polyvinyl chloride dispersion at a temperature of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. and at a vaporization rate per minute of 0.006-0.2 kg. steam per kg. of polyvinyl chloride for a period of time from 3-60 minutes until a vinyl chloride content of less than 50 p.p.m. is achieved.