Abstract: The invention provides methods for simultaneously amplifying multiple nucleic acid regions of interest in one reaction volume as well as methods for selecting a library of primers for use in such amplification methods. The invention also provides library of primers with desirable characteristics, such as minimal formation of amplified primer dimers or other non-target amplicons.

Abstract: Described is a method and a device for screen calibration for the true-to-original reproduction of surface colors, the spectral reflection distribution of which is known, wherein by setting parameters the screen can be influenced using software and an electronic controller in each partial region of the screen. The disclosure is characterized in that an observer adapts the reproduced color impression of the screen to the color impression of an original in each partial region of the screen, wherein the original is compared to the screen colors immediately thereafter on the screen surface and the screen parameters are varied until the color impressions of the original and of the screen appear identical to the observer on the respectively viewed partial screen, viewed from a predefined observer angle, and the settings performed are stored in a screen profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for screen calibration for the true-to-original reproduction of surface colors, the spectral reflection distribution of which is known, wherein by setting parameters the screen can be influenced using software and an electronic controller in each partial region of the screen. The invention is characterized in that an observer adapts the reproduced color impression of the screen to the color impression of an original in each partial region of the screen, wherein the original is compared to the screen colors immediately thereafter on the screen surface and the screen parameters are varied until the color impressions of the original and of the screen appear identical to the observer on the respectively viewed partial screen, viewed from a predefined observer angle, and the settings performed are stored in a screen profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for triggering an electronic image reproduction device comprising N>3 individually controlled color channels, by means of which N primary colors are defined, the colors being additively mixed from said N primary colors. One or several pre-calculated two-dimensional tables, in which the values required for controlling N color channels are stored under the addresses of a color type of the colors that are to be reproduced and are retrieved during operation, are used for real-time processing.

Abstract: A multispectral color reproduction systems in which the spectral distribution of the light reflected by an exposed image, which distribution contains the color information, is recorded dot by dot and is coded in the form of a linear decomposition into weighted basic functions with multispectral coefficients as weighting coefficients and is transmitted to an image reproduction device, where a decoding takes place. The multispectral coefficients of the linear spectral display is nonlinearly distorted in a coding system adapted to the human color distinction capacity, wherein the distortion is made dependent on all or individual dominant amplitudes of the multispectral coefficients and the distortion is again canceled in a decoding system. This may be embodied by based on multidimensional look-up tables or by use of a system with distortion and correction functions controlled in a stepwise manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for color stimulus specification-correction, i.e. sensation-correction pickup for scanning of chromatic image originals, referred to in short as a multispectral scanner. A color image pickup system is provided, based on the multispectral principle, the plurality of I>>3 narrow-band spectral filters and one black filter being introduced into the optical beam path of the image scanner, and thus I narrow-band spectral separations of a color image original and of a white image original are registered and digitized. Spectral pixel samples individually calibrated for all pixels are formed with an electronic evaluation unit in pickup real time. These are either stored in I parallel image storage levels or are multiplied by specific coefficients from a table in pickup real time of the signals in three parallel channels and are accumulated in three parallel image storage levels.

Abstract: Magneto-optical printing head for generating a grey-scale image on a recording substrate has a magneto-optical light-switching mask with light-switching elements which are switched thermomagnetically by the simultaneous positive or negative effect of heat pulses selectively generated from thin-film resistors applied to the light-switching elements. A magnetic field is applied to a coil between two possible states with in each case the direction of magnetization either parallel or antiparallel to the surface normals, whereby individual time control of the light-switching elements in n possible steps is effected by the single switching of all light-switching elements into the (first) starting state by the action of the positive magnetic field generated by the coil and subsequent switching into the second state by means of a second static magnetic field whose direction is opposite to that of the magnetic field of the coil, and by the action of heat pulses of n-1 point in time.

Abstract: A device for illuminating a line-shaped light switching mask having a plurality of magneto-optical light modulation elements and which is arranged between polarizers, comprising a light source, an optical transmission system for transmitting as large as possible part of the light emitted by the light source to the light switching mask, and at least one optical body which is arranged in the light path between the light source and the light switching mask in order to homogenize the light distribution. The optical transmission system comprises an adapter whose entrance surface corresponds to the geometry of the light source and whose exit surface corresponds to the geometry of the line-shaped light switching mask and a thin light conductor plate. The line direction of the exit surface of the adapter as well as that of the light switching mask extends in the plane of said plate.

Abstract: An optical printer includes magneto-optical storage elements (light switching elements) formed on a carrier body (substrate) of comparatively small dimensions. The light switching elements LZ on the substrate T are combined so as to form groups M which are separated from one another by an equidistant space a. Each group M is associated with a self-focusing lens LS so that the distances between all image points of a plurality of groups M on a record carrier Z are equal.

Abstract: An optical memory with a storage plate and an optical write/read unit, with which during a relative movement the storage plate is illuminated pointwise for writing and reading of information, the storage plate and the optical write/read unit each being positioned in a coordinate with the aid of electromagnetic mechanical positioning means for addressing storage elements.

Abstract: The light source produces two colors and is combined with an optical dispersive element for the wavelength-dependent rotation of the plane of polarization of a light beam transmitted by the dispersive element, the layer having a modulation characteristic to enable each modulation element in combination with the polarizer to transmit or to block one color or the other color of the two colors produced by the light source.

Abstract: A template to form the characters to be written is placed between the light source and the record carrier. The template is formed as a light-switching mask the switching elements of which can be controlled by a character generator. The switching elements may be arranged separately beside each other or in matrix form in accordance with the fact whether the characters are to be written per line or per page. Printing in color is also possible. The optical printer combines the functions of a printer, a picture memory and a display.

Abstract: A light deflector used for tracking a spiral information track alternately and periodically interrupted by data blocks and guide segments arranged within sectors of a rotating record carrier. The light deflector is controlled during the first turn of the information track by a slow analog light deflector having a small stroke and is controlled during the remainder of the recording by a digital light deflector control device having a relatively large stroke.

Abstract: An optical storage system for the simultaneous or random storage of digital information in a plurality of channels, comprising a rotating storage disc which is scanned by a light beam. The digital information of each channel is stored in points along a spiral track comprising interruptions. A concentrical guide track is associated with each channel. The light beam being focussed onto both tracks of each channel for optical addressing. The light beams of all channels are controlled via deflection systems so that, during the interruptions, they are briefly directed onto the guide tracks while following the spiral tracks. From the radial deviation of the moving disc, measured by way of a detector system, control signals are derived by the deflection systems to compensate for undesired radial motions of the spiral-shaped tracks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making light dot distributions for the holographic storage of binary information with the aid of electronically controlled switching masks, characterized in that the individual elements of the switching mask are modulated in their path length through fading of the interference structure in the hologram associated with said elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for magneto-optic memories controlled by light and/or heat in an external magnetic field, in which the magneto-optic material of the memory has a photoconductive layer which can be activated by the control beam and which can be controlled by means of electrodes provided thereon via a current or voltage source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for magneto-optic memories controlled by light and/or heat in an external magnetic field, in which the magneto-optic material of the memory has a photoconductive layer which can be activated by the control beam and which can be controlled by means of electrodes provided thereon via a current or voltage source.

Abstract: A template to form the characters to be written is placed between the light source and the record carrier. The template is formed as a light-switching mask the switching elements of which can be controlled by a character generator. The switching elements may be arranged separately beside each other or in matrix form in accordance with the fact whether the characters are to be written per line or per page. Printing in color is also possible. The optical printer combines the functions of a printer, a picture memory and a display.