Abstract: A method for determining the fill level (l) on the basis of the travel time (t) of a high-frequency measuring signal (SHF), which is transformed into a lower frequency, intermediate-frequency measuring signal (SZF), wherein the transformation factor (KT) is obtained from a difference frequency (fSweep) between a pulse repetition frequency (fPRF) and a sampling frequency (fsample) The pulse repetition frequency (fPRF) or the sampling frequency (fsample) is altered on the basis of a control with a control variable (c_var) through an appropriate control algorithm, such that a desired value (fSweepsetpoint) of the difference frequency is controlled to; wherein a gradient (grad) of at least two values is determined, and on the basis of the gradient (grad) and the difference frequency (fSweep), or difference time (tSweep), in the case of a set control variable (c_var), an operating point (OP) of the control is determined, and the control algorithm is adjusted accordingly thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the level of a filling (1) in a container (2). The aim of the invention is to provide a method and a device for measuring said level which are economical to carry out/produce and which offer an especially high degree of measuring accuracy.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for measuring and/or monitoring a process parameter, with a sensor, an intermittently working measurement circuit, which has at least one energy storer unit, wherein the measurement circuit or individual components of the measurement circuit are activated for a predetermined time span, the so-called active phase, and with a control center, wherein the measurement circuit and the control center are connected with one another over a two-wire line and wherein a control-/evaluation-unit is provided, which activates the measurement circuit at the earliest, when the energy in the energy storer unit has reached a predetermined level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the level of a filling (1) in a container (2). The aim of the invention is to provide a method and a device for measuring said level which are economical to carry out/produce and which offer an especially high degree of measuring accuracy.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device (1) for measuring and/or monitoring a process parameter, with a sensor (2), an intermittently working measurement circuit (3), which has at least one energy storer unit (16), wherein the measurement circuit (3) or individual components of the measurement circuit (3) are activated for a predetermined time span, the so-called active phase, and with a control center (14), wherein the measurement circuit (3) and the control center (14) are connected with one another over a two-wire line (12, 13) and wherein a control-/evaluation-unit (4) is provided, which activates the measurement circuit (3) at the earliest, when the energy in the energy storer unit (16) has reached a predetermined level.

Abstract: This invention relates to a level-measuring device in which a signal generating device, a sampling device and a transmitting and/or receiving device are optimally connected to one another for various applications and signal shapes. The signal generating device generates both a radio-frequency transmit signal and a sampling control signal for sampling the radio-frequency signal. The sampling device, the signal generating device and the transmitting and/or receiving device being connected by a coupling device which comprises one of: a transformer; at least one line node; a &lgr;/4 coupler and a circulator.

Abstract: The invention proposes a level-measuring device in which a signal generator device, a sampling device and a transmitting and/or receiving device are optimally connected to one another for various applications and signal shapes.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a physical process variable of a medium (2) which can be used in conjunction with various sensor types, the sensors having in common that they determine a process variable by means of a delay-time method. The apparatus has a sensor (4), a sensor-specific application unit (5) and an evaluation unit (6), which is essentially independent of the sensor type used, the sensor (4) being assigned a transmitting/receiving unit (7), the transmitting unit (7a) transmitting measuring signals in the direction of the medium (2) and the receiving unit (7b) receiving the measuring signals influenced by the interaction with the medium (2), and the application unit (5) being designed in such a way that it provides measurement data, independently of the type of sensor (4) used, from which the evaluation unit (6) determines the physical process variable using a delay-time method by means of a uniform evaluation algorithm.

Abstract: For electromagnetic wave distance measurement by the pulse transit time method, short electromagnetic transmission pulses are emitted at periodic transmission instants. The signals received in selected transmission cycles after the respective transmission instants are sampled for obtaining in each of these transmission cycles a sample at a sampling instant in a respective sampling time interval, each sampling instant having a delay dictated by a sampling function relative to the respective transmission instant. The sampling instants exhibit differing delays relative to the respective transmission instant so that the samples in sequence produce an image of the sampled received signal extended in time. The sampling function dictating the delays is generated by a computing circuit, preferably a microcomputer, thus making it possible to make use of any sampling function and to modify sampling of the received signals in any way.

Abstract: In distance measurement on the principle of pulse transit time in each measurement cycle in a transmitting phase a transmission pulse having a given transmission frequency is emitted and in a subsequent receiving phase the envelope of the received signals is formed to determine the transit time of the useful echo pulse. For suppressing the fixed target echoes a broken line of several segments surrounding the envelope of the fixed target echo is formed for each fixed target echo. For each segment, information as to the amplitude of the end point of the segment, as to the changing direction and slope of the segment, as well as for the first segment information as to the point in time of the start of the first segment in the measurement cycle are stored.

Abstract: In order to set a range finding instrument operating according to the echo-sounding principle using sonic or ultrasonic pulses to an optimum transmission frequency, the transmission frequency is altered stepwise within a predetermined frequency range. During each reception spell following on the transmission of a sonic or ultrasonic pulse an amplitude-time-profile of the received signals is formed and integrated. The integration values obtained for the various transmission frequencies are stored, and an optimum transmission frequency is set to that frequency at which the maximum integrated value is obtained. In order to eliminate the effects of background noise on the determination of the optimum transmission frequency a mean noise amplitude of the received signals is determined and subtracted from the amplitude-time-profile of the received signals before integration.

Abstract: An ultrasonic echo sounding apparatus disposed at a measuring location transmits ultrasonic pulses in successive transmission periods. The echo pulses received after reflection at a target are converted to electrical envelope signals which represent the envelope curves of the echo pulses. The envelope signals are transmitted via a connecting line to an evaluation apparatus disposed at an evaluation station remote from the measuring location. In the evaluation apparatus the envelope signals are evaluated for determining the target distance from the travel time of the ultrasonic pulses. The transmission of envelope signals results in the advantage that the information contained in the pulse shape of the echo pulses is available in the evaluation station, although it is not necessary to transmit signals having the high frequency of the ultrasonic pulses via the connecting line.