Abstract: A multilayered liposome disclosed herein includes a liposome core defined by a lipid layer, and five or more coating layers surrounding the lipid layer, wherein the five or more coating layers include more than one positively charged polymeric layer and more than one negatively charged drug layer, wherein the more than one positively polymeric layer and the more than one negatively charged drug layer are deposited in an alternating manner, wherein one of the more than one positively charged polymeric layer is formed as an outmost coating layer, and wherein each of the more than one negatively charged drug layer includes insulin, an insulin-like factor, a growth factor, or a hormonal peptide. In one embodiment, an anion liposome core (HSPC/DPPG) is coated via a layer-by-layer approach with multilayers of oppositely charged insulin and chitosan layers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for separating blood cells comprising the steps of: (a) lysing red blood cells of a blood sample and diluting said sample; (b) providing a microfluidic device comprising a spiral-shaped flow channel having at least a first end and a second end, wherein said flow channel has two inlet ports at or near said first end and at least two outlet ports at or near said second end, wherein one of the two inlet ports is located at the inner wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and the other inlet port is located at the outer wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and at least one of the outlet ports is connected to a container allowing the storage of blood cells; (c) introducing the sample of step (a) into the inlet port located at the outer wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and introducing a sheath fluid into the inlet port located at the inner wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel; (d) driving said sample and the sheath fluid through the spiral-shaped flow channel; and (e) re

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for separating blood cells comprising the steps of: (a) lysing red blood cells of a blood sample and diluting said sample; (b) providing a microfluidic device comprising a spiral-shaped flow channel having at least a first end and a second end, wherein said flow channel has two inlet ports at or near said first end and at least two outlet ports at or near said second end, wherein one of the two inlet ports is located at the inner wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and the other inlet port is located at the outer wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and at least one of the outlet ports is connected to a container allowing the storage of blood cells; (c) introducing the sample of step (a) into the inlet port located at the outer wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel and introducing a sheath fluid into the inlet port located at the inner wall of the spiral-shaped flow channel; (d) driving said sample and the sheath fluid through the spiral-shaped flow channel; and (e) re

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing nylon-6,6 by a) providing a muconic acid starting material selected from muconic acid, esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid and mixtures thereof, b) subjecting the muconic acid starting material provided in step a) at least to some extent to a reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst Hb) to give adipic acid, c1) subjecting the muconic acid starting material provided in step a) to some extent to a reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst Hc1) to give 1,6-hexanediol, or c2) subjecting the adipic acid obtained in step b) to some extent to a reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst Hc2) to give 1,6-hexanediol, d) subjecting the 1,6-hexanediol obtained in step c1) or c2) to amination in the presence of an amination catalyst to obtain hexamethylenediamine, e) subjecting the hexamethylenediamine obtained in step d) and at least a portion o

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hexamethylenediamine, wherein a) a muconic acid starting material is provided, which is selected from among muconic acid, esters of muconic acid, lactones of muconic acid, and mixtures thereof, b) the muconic acid starting material is subjected to a reaction with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst in order to form 1,6-hexanediol, and c) the 1,6-hexanediol obtained in step b) is subjected to amination in the presence of an amination catalyst in order to obtain hexamethylenediamine. The invention further relates to hexamethylenediamine which can be produced by means of said method.

Abstract: A process for preparing pyrazole-glycoside derivatives of the general Formula (I) in which the meanings are R1 H and R2 F; or R1 F and R2 H; or R1 F and R2 F; R3 (C1-C8)-alkyl, where one, more than one or all hydrogen(s) may be replaced by fluorine; X (C1-C3)-alkylene, (C2-C3)-alkenylene.

Abstract: A process and a corresponding device for determining the alignment of two rotatable machine parts, the alignment of two hollow cylindrical machine parts or for testing a component for straightness along one lengthwise side, with a first measurement unit with a light source for emitting a light beam which has been expanded in one plane, and a second measurement unit with an optical detector unit which has two linear sensors which are arranged parallel to one another, and with an evaluation unit to evaluate a light pattern which has been produced by the two-dimensionally expanded light beam for determining the misalignment of the axes of the machine parts relative to one another, or optionally, the straightness of the component, by the determination the points of incidence of the two-dimensionally expanded light beam on the sensors.

Abstract: A process and a corresponding device for determining the alignment of two rotatable machine parts, the alignment of two hollow cylindrical machine parts or for testing a component for straightness along one lengthwise side, with a first measurement unit with a light source for emitting a light beam which has been expanded in one plane, and a second measurement unit with an optical detector unit which has two linear sensors which are arranged parallel to one another, and with an evaluation unit to evaluate a light pattern which has been produced by the two-dimensionally expanded light beam for determining the misalignment of the axes of the machine parts relative to one another, or optionally, the straightness of the component, by the determination the points of incidence of the two-dimensionally expanded light beam on the sensors.

Abstract: A copper-containing catalyst of the composition of N2O contains a compound of the formula MxAl2O4, where M is Cu or a mixture of Cu and Zn and/or Mg and x is from 0.8 to 1.5. The novel catalyst is used in a process for the catalytic decomposition of pure N2O or N2O contained in gas mixtures, at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Dicarboxylic acid crystals are prepared from a solution containing at least one organic dicarboxylic acid in a process in which at least one anionic polyelectrolyte having a molecular weight of at least 2000 is added to the solution before or during the crystallization.

Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for avoiding encrustations in reactors or crystallizers (13), such as industrial crystallizers for suspensions (11), points of incidence (4) for the excitation of ultrasonic oscillations by sonotrodes (3) which are connected to electromechanical converters (2) are provided on the walls (6, 21) and on the base (7) of the crystallizer (13). The ultrasonic frequency is generated at high-frequency generators (1).

Abstract: Mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates (raw MDI) having a reduced iodine color number and a reduced chlorine content are prepared by reacting the corresponding mixtures of diphenylmethanediamines and polyphenylpolymethylenepolyamines with phosgene in the presence of at least one inert organic solvent at elevated temperature, and then, after phosgenation is complete, incorporating into the reaction mixture, in the presence or absence of the phosgene, a mixture of water and at least one monohydric or polyhydric polyoxyalkylene alcohol, preferably having a functionality of from 2 to 3, and advantageously having a hydroxyl number of from 20 to 1800, in an effective amount which advantageously comprises from more than 0.01 to 0.3% by weight of water (i) and from 0.

Abstract: Catalysts prepared by combining M--Al.sub.2 O.sub.4 where M is an element of Group Ib, VIIb or VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with tin, lead, an element of group IIa or IIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements as oxide or salt or in elemental form and calcining at 300-1300.degree. C. under 0.1-200 bar and the process for preparing them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen oxides from a gas stream containing same, which comprises passing the gas stream(A) through a stage for absorbing the nitrogen oxides other than N.sub.2 O in an absorbent or reacting the nitrogen oxides other than N.sub.2 O with an absorbent at a pressure of from 1,5 to 20 bar, and(B) through a stage for reducing the amount of N.sub.2 O, preferably employing the pressure level of step A, and to apparatus therefor and the use thereof.

Abstract: A system for accessing and analyzing data through a central processing unit. The system includes a non-modal user interface to provide a user access to the system. A number of application graphics objects allow the user to visually interact with a plurality of analysis objects through the non-modal user interface. The plurality of application analysis objects allow a user to interactively create an analysis network for analyzing one or more databases. A plurality of application data access objects interpret the analysis network and allow the system to access required databases and to generate structure query language required to access and analyze the databases as defined within the analysis network.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic decomposition of dinitrogen monoxide in a gas stream by contacting the gas stream at temperatures of 200.degree.-900.degree. C. and pressures of 0.1 to 20 bar with a catalyst free of noble metals, the catalyst being prepared by combining a spinel CuAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 with another spinel-forming metal component selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium or mixtures thereof in elemental form or as an oxide or salt, and calcining at temperatures of 300.degree.-1300.degree. C. and under pressures of 0.1-200 bar in order to at least partially liberate the copper from the spinel by replacement with the other metal component.

Abstract: An analog digital conversion is provided for two color difference signals, for example for a recording according to a timeplex method. The color difference signals are adjusted in their amplitude at the input of the analog digital converter such that the modulation range of the analog digital converter is always fully used independent of the original amplitude of the color difference signal. The amplitude is restored back to its original value after a digital to analog reconversion. This results in an improvement of the signal to noise ratio during the transmission. The amplification provided to the various signals can be controlled by comparator circuits comparing the signal level with a reference signal.