Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring mechanical properties of materials using an indenter which has a predetermined geometry, a device for generating force permitting the indenter to penetrate into a material sample surface of an object of measurement, and a device for measuring the penetration depth, wherein, arranged between a force application portion on which the device for generating force is applied and a shaft with an indenter tip facing towards the material surface of the object of measurement, the indenter has at least one micro-mechanical motion actuator by which at least one radial deflection of the shaft with respect to the force absorption portion of the indenter is capable of being activated or detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring mechanical properties of materials using an indenter which has a predetermined geometry, a device for generating force permitting the indenter to penetrate into a material sample surface of an object of measurement, and a device for measuring the penetration depth, wherein, arranged between a force application portion on which the device for generating force is applied and a shaft with an indenter tip facing towards the material surface of the object of measurement, the indenter has at least one micro-mechanical motion actuator by which at least one radial deflection of the shaft with respect to the force absorption portion of the indenter is capable of being activated or detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructive measurement of the thickness of thin layers, has a housing and a probe which is connected to an evaluation unit and to which signals are emitted during a measurement for determining the layer thickness, and having a display apparatus which indicates at least the measurement data from the evaluation unit. At least one further display apparatus is positioned on the housing away from the plane of the first display apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for aerating a liquid with gas, the apparatus comprising a pressure vessel including a lower section containing the liquid and an upper section containing a volume of the gas. A pressure connection in the upper section of the pressure vessel adapted receives the gas. A nozzle in the upper section of the pressure vessel receives the liquid. An injector extends from the upper section of the pressure vessel to the lower section of the pressure vessel and has a head in fluid communication with the nozzle. Part of the gas volume is sucked in by the vacuum generated by the liquid injected, carried along together with the liquid and mixed intimately with the liquid at the same time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement probe, in particular for an apparatus for measurement of the thickness of thin layers, having a housing which has at least one printed circuit board and at least one sensor element which is associated with the printed circuit board, and having a contact cup which is arranged at the lower end of the housing, characterized in that a flexible strip, which has at least one connecting line, is provided on the at least one printed circuit board, and which is passed out of the housing.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process where the pulp suspension containing dirt particles is sprayed into a tank together with air. The air is injected at a minimum of two successive points and mixed with the suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement probe, in particular for an apparatus for measurement of the thickness of thin layers, having a housing which has at least one printed circuit board and at least one sensor element which is associated with the printed circuit board, and having a contact cup which is arranged at the lower end of the housing, characterized in that a flexible strip, which has at least one connecting line, is provided on the at least one printed circuit board, and which is passed out of the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructive measurement of the thickness of thin layers, has a housing and a probe which is connected to an evaluation unit and to which signals are emitted during a measurement for determining the layer thickness, and having a display apparatus which indicates at least the measurement data from the evaluation unit. At least one further display apparatus is positioned on the housing away from the plane of the first display apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and a process for separating impurities from a suspension in a flotation cell, including an aeration device for aerating a liquid with a gas until the liquid is saturated. An expansion device expands the liquid saturated with gas to form gas bubbles in the liquid. An addition device adds the liquid containing gas bubbles to the suspension in the flotation cell.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process where the pulp suspension containing dirt particles is sprayed into a tank together with air. The air is injected at a minimum of two successive points and mixed with the suspension.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process where the pulp suspension containing dirt particles is sprayed into a tank together with air. The air is injected at a minimum of two successive points and mixed with the suspension.

Abstract: Apparatus and a process for separating impurities from a suspension in a flotation cell, including an aeration device for aerating a liquid with a gas until the liquid is saturated. An expansion device expands the liquid saturated with gas to form gas bubbles in the liquid. An addition device adds the liquid containing gas bubbles to the suspension in the flotation cell.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for aerating a liquid with gas, the apparatus comprising a pressure vessel including a lower section containing the liquid and an upper section containing a volume of the gas. A pressure connection in the upper section of the pressure vessel adapted receives the gas. A nozzle in the upper section of the pressure vessel receives the liquid. An injector extends from the upper section of the pressure vessel to the lower section of the pressure vessel and has a head in fluid communication with the nozzle. Part of the gas volume is sucked in by the vacuum generated by the liquid injected, carried along together with the liquid and mixed intimately with the liquid at the same time.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process. The process includes at least two stages, where each stage has a separate liquid circulating system which sucks in the gas or air and mixes it with the liquid. The device has at least two flotation cells, with each of the cells having a separate injector and a separate circulation system including a pump.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process. The process includes at least two stages, where each stage has a separate liquid circulating system which sucks in the gas or air and mixes it with the liquid. The device has at least two flotation cells, with each of the cells having a separate injector and a separate circulation system including a pump.

Abstract: A device and process for aerating dispersions, particularly for flotation of pulp suspensions, in a de-inking process where the pulp suspension containing dirt particles is sprayed into a tank together with air. The air is injected at a minimum of two successive points and mixed with the suspension.

Abstract: In a circuit for the actuation of a stepping motor for battery-operated instruments, in particular watches, the length of motor drive pulses is altered for the purpose of saving energy. In the process, different loads on the stepping motor and variable battery voltages are taken into consideration. This feature is accomplished by measuring a signal proportional to the current flowing through the field coil of the stepping motor and interrupting the drive pulse to the motor when a predetermined change occurs in the signal. The drive pulses are further limited as to both minimum and maximum length. Advantageously, the stepping motor is actuated and the signal processed by means of a digital circuit technology, in order to provide for complete integration of the circuit.

Abstract: An electronic clock with a chime system has exclusively electronic processing for production of a variety of tone signal sequences consisting of known melodies or portions thereof and time-identifying sequences of strokes. The characteristic values of these tone signal sequences are loaded into a ROM memory and can be recalled, as required, by electronic control and release circuits at each quarter, half, three quarter or full hour. The amplitude of the audio output signals is automatically controlled in accordance with the time of day.