Abstract: Supertwist liquid crystal displays having outstanding properties are obtained if the nematic liquid crystal mixture is based on components selected from group A comprising compounds of the formulae IIa to IIk: ##STR1##

Abstract: Fluorobenzene derivatives of the formula I, ##STR1## R, A1, A2, S1, 22, L, m, Y, Q are as defined herein.

Abstract: Optically active nitrogen-containing heterocycles of the formula I according to claim 1 are suitable as components for ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials.

Abstract: Supertwist liquid crystal displays having very short switching times are obtained if the nematic liquid crystal mixture contains at least one component chosen from group A consisting of compounds of the formulae AI to AVI: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are each R and R is alkyl having 1-12 C atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--, and up to four other components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: Substituted phenyl trifluoromethyl ethers of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.n --A.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3 --OCF.sub.3 Iin which R.sup.1, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, n, A.sup.2, Z.sup.2 and A.sup.3 have the meaning given in claim 1, are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of trifluorotoluene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which, in addition, one or more non-neighboring CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--O--, --CH-halogen, --CH--CN-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2, in each case independently of one another, are 1,4-phenylene in which, in addition, one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which, in addition, one or two non-neighboring CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, each of which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, nitrile and/or CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, in each case independently of one another, are --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond, andn is 0 or 1,as components of chiral tilted smectic phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to electro-optical systems containing an addressable liquid-crystal layer and a device for compensating for the optical path difference d.multidot..DELTA.n of the addressable liquid-crystal layers, the compensating device being based on a liquid-crystalline polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to ferroelectric liquid-crystal displays having improved multiplexing capability.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A--O--R.sup.2in whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are each alkyl having 1 to 9 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, where two O atoms are not linked directly to one anther, or one of the two groups R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alternatively H,Z.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2 --O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,A.sup.1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which, in addition one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O and/or S, or 1,4-cyclohexenylene, andA is unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted 1,4-phenylene, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline dielectrics containing at least three liquid-crystalline compounds for shortening the switch-on time T.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl with 1-15 C atoms, and wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CO--S--, --S--CO--, --CHHalogen--, --CHCN-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A.sup.1 is 1,4-phenylene, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or a single bond andA.sup.2 is ##STR1## in which Z is --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --S--CO--, --CO--S--, CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, with the proviso that, if A.sup.1 is a single bond, A.sup.2 is ##STR2## are suitable as components of chirally tilted smectic liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: Difluorobenzonitriles of the formula I ##STR1## in which Y is alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkenyloxy containing in each case 1 to 12 carbon atoms,one of the radicals A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 present in the molecule is ##STR2## where X is CH or N, and the other radical A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 is selected from the group comprising ##STR3## one of the radicals Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a single bond and the other radical Z.sup.1 or Z.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond, andm is 0 or 1, with the proviso that if m=1, Z.sup.1 =Z.sup.2 - single bond and one of the radicals A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 =2,5-pyrimidinediyl and the other radical A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 =1,4-phenylene, A.sup.1 is 2,5-pyrimidinediyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrooptical display element which can be multiplexed, has two support plates which, with an edging, form a cell containing a pneumatic liquid crystal material with positive dielectric anisotropy, and at least one chiral additive, and has a small surface tilt angle and a twist angle with a value between 150.degree. and 250.degree., wherein the ratio of the elastic constants for bending and twisting K.sub.3 /K.sub.2 of the liquid crystal material and the twist angle are such that when using liquid crystal material with the ratio of the elastic constants K.sub.3 /K.sub.1 for mending and spreading, which is in the order of the maximum possible, the steepness of the characteristic line is approved by the characteristic line is bi-stable or when using liquid crystal material with the ratio of the elastic constants K.sub.3 /K.sub.

Abstract: Pyrimidines of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms in which in addition one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, or is H, F, Cl or CN,X is --O--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.1, --S--R.sup.2, --NCS or --COO--A--R.sup.3,Y is halogen, CN or OH,R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups are replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CHY-- and/or by --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene groups which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups, or is a single bond, andR.sup.3 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition one or two nonadjacent and, if A is a single bond, nonterminal CH.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1--(A.sup.1).sub.m 13 Z.sup.1 --A--Z.sup.2 --(A.sup.2).sub.n --R.sup.2 Iwherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, an alkyl group which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --O--COR, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl groups which are unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 F atoms, A is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is substituted in the 1-position and/or 4-position by alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy, each of which has 1-5 C atoms, F, Cl, Br and/or CN and which can also carry 1 or 2 further F, Cl or Br atoms and/or CN groups, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.

Abstract: Optically active nitrogen-containing heterocycles of the formula I according to claim 1 are suitable as components for ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 -Q.sup.1 -A-(Q.sup.2).sub.q -R.sup.2 IwhereinA denotes ##STR1## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and q have the meaning specified in claim 1, as components of smectic liquid-crystalline phases, and also smectic liquid-crystalline phases, in particular chiral tilted smectic phases containing compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the formula I can be used as components of chiral titled smectic liquid crystal phases:R.sup.1 --C*HX--Q--A.sup.4 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --(Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3).sub.n --X'--Q'--C*HY'--R.sup.5 (I)whereinR.sup.1 --C*HX--Q-- and --X'--Q'--C*HY--R.sup.5 are identical optically active radicals selected from the group --O--C*HCH.sub.3 --COO--n--alkyl, --O--C*HCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --O--n--alkyl, --OCO--C*HC1--CHCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3, --OCO--C*HCl--C*HCH.sub.3 --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --OCO--C*HCl--CH.sub.2 --CHCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3, --OCO--C*HCl--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --COO--C*HCH.sub.3 -COO--n--alkyl, --O--CO--C*HCH.sub.3 --o--n--alkyl, --OCH.sub.2 --C*HCH.sub.3 --O--n--alkyl, --COO--C*HCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 --O--n--allyl, --OC*HCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --COO--n--alkyl, --COO--C*HCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --COO--n--alkyl, --OCH.sub.2 --C*HCH.sub.3 --COO--n--alkyl or --COO--CH.sub.2 --C*HCH.sub.3 --COO--n--alkyl, alkyl is of 1--12 c atoms,and --A.sup.4 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --(Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3).sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to nematic liquid-crystal compositions for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratios.