Abstract: A method for tracking a component in a production line having a plurality of processing systems includes processing and/or testing, by each of the processing systems, the component, providing a processing signal characterizing the processing and/or testing for a higher-level electronic computing unit, and tracking, by the computing unit based on the received processing signals, the component through the production line. A query signal characterizing a component property of one of the processing systems of the production line is received by the computing unit. The component is ascertained by the computing unit and at least one component information signal characterizing the component property of the ascertained component is provided.

Abstract: A method of fluorescence spectroscopy includes providing a high-performance sensor that combines imaging with high intrinsic time resolution and high-rate capability, and resolving fluorescence data in four dimensions.

Abstract: A method for replacing a software component among a plurality of software components of a runtime system, in particular a runtime system of an industrial control environment, comprises the steps of determining a first software component to be replaced among the plurality of software components, determining a second software component for replacing the first software component in the runtime system; initializing the second software component in the runtime system; routing a plurality of calls directed to the first software component centrally through a wrapper component; and switching the calls directed to the first software component to the second software component by means of a wrapper component.

Abstract: A method for replacing a software component among a plurality of software components of a runtime system, in particular a runtime system of an industrial control environment, comprises the steps of determining a first software component to be replaced among the plurality of software components, determining a second software component for replacing the first software component in the runtime system; initializing the second software component in the runtime system; routing a plurality of calls directed to the first software component centrally through a wrapper component; and switching the calls directed to the first software component to the second software component by means of a wrapper component.

Abstract: A runtime of a computer program may be measured by providing the compiled computer program with at least a first watchpoint and a second watchpoint at respective first and second code locations, running the compiled computer program on a computing device, measuring a first time parameter at the first watchpoint and a second time parameter at the second watchpoint, and determining the runtime of at least part of the compiled computer program in terms of the second time parameter and the first time parameter.

Abstract: A runtime of a computer program may be measured by providing the compiled computer program with at least a first watchpoint and a second watchpoint at respective first and second code locations, running the compiled computer program on a computing device, measuring a first time parameter at the first watchpoint and a second time parameter at the second watch-point, and determining the runtime of at least part of the compiled computer program in terms of the second time parameter and the first time parameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel component for an explosive, in which case the fuel component contains a volume-expanded molecularly dispersed hydrocarbon, and a method for its production. Furthermore, the invention relates to an explosive formed of the fuel component and an oxidizer, an explosive body filled with the explosive as well as an explosion method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for explosive drilling. Explosive capsules are fired by a firing device at a material to be stripped. A high degree of safety is attained in that use is made of an explosive with liquid oxygen that is only produced immediately before its application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel component for an explosive, in which case the fuel component contains a volume-expanded molecularly dispersed hydrocarbon, and a method for its production. Furthermore, the invention relates to an explosive formed of the fuel component and an oxidizer, an explosive body filled with the explosive as well as an explosion method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for explosive drilling. Explosive capsules are fired by a firing device at a material to be stripped. A high degree of safety is attained in that use is made of an explosive with liquid oxygen that is only produced immediately before its application.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging a substrate including a dielectric substrate, a support member having a first end and a second end between which the member extends substantially parallel to the substrate, a row of electrodes distributed over the support member between the first and second ends, the electrodes extending from the support member in the direction of the substrate, the electrodes having a free end for spraying a charge on the substrate, each free end having a substantially fixed distance from the substrate, wherein the distance in the case of the electrode located at the first and second end of the support member differs substantially from the distance in the case of the electrode located in the middle of the support member.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging a substrate including a dielectric substrate, a support member having a first end and a second end between which said member extends substantially parallel to said substrate, a row of electrodes distributed over the support member between the first and second ends, said electrodes extending from the support member in the direction of the substrate, the electrodes having a free end for spraying a charge on the substrate, each free end having a substantially fixed distance from the substrate, wherein the distance in the case of the electrode located at the first and second end of the support member differs substantially from the distance in the case of the electrode located in the middle of the support member.

Abstract: An ink composition for a meltable ink usable in a printing device in which ink drops are ejected from ink ducts, which comprises agents which reversibly cross-link the ink, the said agents containing a gelling agent. When an ink drop which has been transferred to a substrate passes over into a gel during the cooling process, the consequence is that the viscosity of the melted ink drop increases greatly so that the drops become relatively immobile. In this way the ink drops are prevented from uncontrollably flowing into the paper. As a result, inks of this kind are suitable for use on both porous and smooth substrates. In addition, these inks have been found suitable for use in a printing device in which printed substrates are subjected to thermal after-treatment.

Abstract: An automatic sampling apparatus particularly adapted for flameless atomic absorption spectrometers has a turntable carrying a ring of sample containers. The turntable is rotatably mounted on a base plate which in turn is mounted for limited pivotal movement on a support. A rinse station for a sample probe is provided on the base plate adjacent the periphery of the turntable. A sample probe in the form of an elongated tube angled at one end to form a pipette-like tip is mounted for swinging movement about a transverse axis and concomitant rotation about its longitudinal axis so that, at both limits of movement about the transverse axis, the probe tip is directed generally downwardly.

Abstract: A device for atomizing a sample for so-called flameless atomic absorption spectroscopic measurements of the type in which an electrically conducting hollow tube, into which the sample is introduced as by a central port in the side of the tube, is heated by the passage of current from electrodes contacting the ends of the tube. A protective inert gas is caused to surround the interior and exterior of the tube to exclude air to avoid oxidation of the sample tube which may be graphite. The improvement comprises introducing the protective gas into both ends of the sample tube so that it leaves the interior through the central port from which it may be sucked outside of a surrounding housing. The exterior walls of the sample tube may be provided with protective gas either by means of an auxiliary gas flow or by leading the gas from the bore around the outside of the tube before withdrawing it through the surrounding housing.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for introducing a sample to be analyzed through an introduction aperture into a graphite tube of a graphite tube cell of an atomic absorption spectrometer, wherein a plurality of sample containers containing the samples to be analyzed are placed in a row in a sample holding device, the sample containers being open at both ends. The sample containers are successively transported to an introduction device and a sample container is inserted into the introduction aperture of the graphite tube by means of the introduction device. The sample is transferred from the sample container into the graphite tube and the sample container is removed therefrom and the next subsequent sample container is transported to the introduction device.

Abstract: An automatic sample preparation device for use in flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy or the like, wherein samples to be examined for a particular element are successively mixed with graduated, metered additions of the element to be determined, which includes, in combination, controlled delivery pumping apparatus, a storage vessel system containing dilution agents connected to the inlet side of the pumping apparatus, a dosing probe connected to the outlet side of the pumping apparatus, a stepwise movable carrier, a plurality of sample containers mounted on the carrier, a sample withdrawing device for withdrawing samples from the carrier, and a control unit for moving the dosing probe with respect to the carrier so that one group of at least two successive sample containers on the carrier can be simultaneously mixed with graduated, metered additions of the element to be determined prior to sample withdrawal.

Abstract: A graphite furnace for flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy comprising a graphite sample tube with a sample port at the mid-point of its length. Electrodes supportively contact the tube ends and pass electrical heating current through the tube. The electrodes have hollow cylindrical portions which laterally envelope the tube over substantially its entire length, one of the electrodes being longer than the other and containing a radial bore in registration with the sample port. The cylindrical portions of the electrodes are disposed with complementary-shaped recesses in cooling jackets which encase all but the mid-length regions of the electrode cylindrical portions. The electrodes fit readily in the cooling jackets at room temperature due to differential expansion of these members. The sample tube, electrodes, cooling jackets and associated structure are mounted on a base with provisions for adjustment of the tube about various orthogonal axes.

Abstract: A method of atomization of a sample for analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy in which the sample is progressively heated to drying, ashing and atomization temperatures by subjecting it sequentially to discrete ambient temperature increments.A preferred form of apparatus for carrying out the method takes the form of a graphite fabric conveyor belt which carries the sample substance and travels transversely through three hollow cylindrical graphite tubes disposed in spaced justaposition with longitudinal axes parallel. The belt passes through each tube in sequence, by way of pairs of aligned longitudinal slots in the sidewalls of the tubes, the slots defining a common chordal plane of the tubes. Each tube is maintained, respectively in the direction of belt travel, at drying, ashing and atomization temperature for the particular sample. The tubes are heated by an electrical current of appropriate magnitude passed between pairs of electrodes associated with the ends of the tubes.