Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for clearly marking and a method for identifying physical objects, a method for offline verification of a physical object, a method for hybrid offline and online verification of a physical object, a method for expanding the marking by further unique codes, a physical object having an optical security feature for clearly marking and identifying, a serialization and/or track & trace system based on an optical security feature such as this, and the use of an optical security feature such as this in a serialization and/or track & trace system and/or for object authentication, for offline verification and/or hybrid offline and online verification of a physical object and in a method for expanding the marking by further unique codes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for unique marking and to a method for the identification of products by identifying production inaccuracies in the spectral range of up to 3000 nm and to the use of said method for the unique identification of products/documents in serialization systems and/or track and trace systems and for document authentication. In order to increase the number of production inaccuracies up to a spectral range of up to 3000 nm, photoluminescent materials which, under photon excitation, emit radiation in the range of up to 3000 nm, preferably in the range of 750 to 1800 nm, most preferably in the range of 800 to 1100 nm, can be used. Said photoluminescent materials make it possible for production inaccuracies to be sensed from the spectral range of visible light (380 to 750 nm), via the near-infrared (NIR) range, to a spectral range of up to 3000 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying products with the aid of an ink formulation which contains semiconductive inorganic nanocrystals which emit radiation in the range of 750-1800 nm when excited by photons, in serialisation and/or track-and-trace systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of free, emulsified, or dissolved water from liquids of low volatility, such as oil, is shown. The liquid of low volatility is removed by contacting the fluid stream of concern with one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane divides a separation chamber into a feed side into which the stream of fluid is fed, and a permeate side from which the water is removed. The permeate side of the chamber is maintained at a low partial pressure of water through presence of vacuum, or by use of a sweep gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of free, emulsified, or dissolved water from liquids of low volatility, such as oil, is shown. The liquid of low volatility is removed by contacting the fluid stream of concern with one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane divides a separation chamber into a feed side into which the stream of fluid is fed, and a permeate side from which the water is removed. The permeate side of the chamber is maintained at a low partial pressure of water through presence of vacuum, or by use of a sweep gas.