Abstract: An electrified fence for fencing-in livestock and fencing-out wild animals has as electric conductors pliable multi-layer ribbons including an outer and an inner metal layer. The two metal layers are separated by insulation layers made of plastics material. The inner metal layer is covered on its outwardly facing side by an insulation layer. The outwardly facing side of the outer metal layer is light reflective and the outside of the cover layer for the second metal layer is dark-colored. The ribbons are detachably secured to fence poles and are chargeable with a high voltage.

Abstract: Particles adhering to the internal surfaces of an object are removed by conveying an explosive gas or gas mixture to the chamber defined by the surfaces, and detonating the gas or mixture. The detonation loosens the adhering particles, which are then removed from the chamber. The invention has particular application to the removal of particles from the internal surfaces of a body having a plurality of outlets communicating with the chamber.

Abstract: A tubular fuse, which is supplied with an explosive gas, is formed so that as the explosive gas is detonated a turbulence will be created to aid in the propogation and continuance of the detonation. To achieve this turbulence, the inner circumferential surface of the tubular fuse is roughened at least along a portion of the length of the fuse. Alternatively, turbulence may be created by coating the inner circumferential surface of the fuse with a fine-grained powder.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrified fence for blocking the passage of animals. This fence comprises a plurality of posts, at least one of which includes a power supply. One or more conductor wires are connected to the power supply and strung from post to post. Each of these conductor wires consists of a metal ribbon coated on both sides with insulation material but leaving exposed the lengthwise edges of the ribbon.