Abstract: A focusing optical part, including a plastic body, suitable for being delivered on a tape and reel and mounted on a PCB by an automated mounting machine, the plastic body including a concave mirror including a center aperture input surface through which light enters the plastic body, a convex mirror opposite the center aperture, wherein the concave mirror and the convex mirror form a reflective objective that reflects and focuses the light inside the plastic body, and an exit surface surrounding the convex mirror, through which focused light exits the plastic body.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus allow for passive determination of a driver's Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC). Alcohol concentrations can be determined from exhaled breath, however inconvenience to a driver is often a barrier for incorporation of BrAC sensors into vehicles. The methods and apparatus allow for passive determination of a driver's BrAC, while detecting and accounting for a wide range of environmental conditions that may reduce the accuracy of a passive BrAC reading.

Abstract: Devices and Methods are disclosed for whirling a liquid including water, and further for different uses of such a device. The device includes a vortex unit including seven essentially parallel elongate helical elements, of which six are positioned around the seventh. The device may be used, for instance, for improving the performance of a coolant, for exhaust emission control, and/or for reducing the effect of electromagnetic radiation in an environment.

Abstract: A method of modifying the course of combustion when evaporated black liquor is burnt in the furnace cavity of a recovery boiler is described. The method implies that lime sludge is supplied to the furnace cavity whereby the course of combustion is modified so that the temperature in the furnace cavity is raised. Also use of a recovery boiler for simultaneous combustion of black liquor and processing of lime sludge is described. In one embodiment of this use is disclosed that the processing of lime sludge is performed so that increased formation of calcium sulphide in the smelt of inorganic chemicals, which is formed in the recovery boiler, is obtained and/or so that the lime sludge is calcined.

Abstract: A method of producing white liquor having enhanced and/or reduced sulphidity in the recovery of chemicals in a sulphate pulp process is described. In the method one starts from a calcium sulphide rich smelt of inorganic chemicals, which has been obtained by simultaneous combustion of black liquor and processing of lime sludge. This smelt is treated with an aqueous solution, whereupon the calcium sulphide in the smelt is present in a solid form and the rest of the chemicals are in solution. Thereupon the solid calcium sulphide is separated and the obtained solution is processed as a green liquor in per se known manner to a white liquor having reduced sulphidity, whereupon optionally the separated solid calcium sulphide is mixed with the required amount of white liquor to a white liquor having enhanced sulphidity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dividing up the sulphide content of green liquor into a sulphide-rich part and a sulphide-poor part by crystallizing out sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3). The crystallization of the sodium carbonate is effected by evaporating green liquor with a ratio of hydroxide ions [OH.sup.- ] and sulphide ions [HS.sup.- ] such that the liquor which is obtained after evaporation and separation of the solid phase has high sulphidity and an acceptably low content of carbonate ions [CO.sub.3.sup.2- ]. Prior to evaporation, the hydroxide ion content in the liquor is increased by adding quicklime (CaO). The solid phase (sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate) which has been separated off is diluted with water so that the sodium carbonate crystals go into solution and at the same time the solution is given a cation content which favours the causticization which is subsequently undertaken. The causticization is carried out in a conventional causticization plant.

Abstract: A method of cleaning green liquor of solid particulate impurities by adding caustic lime corresponding to 0.5 to 10% of the amount of caustic lime needed for complete causticizing of the green liquor to the green liquor in a soda dissolving tank or in a separate mixing tank to which the liquor is led directly from the dissolving tank. Calcium carbonate precipitates and forms, with the impurities, particles having better settling and filtration properties than particles in green liquor which has not been treated with caustic lime.

Abstract: A rotary kiln, in particular, a kiln for reburning of lime mud, wherein the drying and intermediate zones of the kiln chamber are furnished in part with turbulence-forming baffle arrangements to produce a turbulent motion in the hot combustion gases and thereby to force the hotter gases, which flow through the axial central region of the kiln, out towards the kiln wall. The kiln shell is additionally furnished in part with thresholds in order to increase the transit time of the material through the kiln and further with lifters and a cog-wheel lining in order to lift the material and bring it into contact with the gases. The burner tube can be furnished with turbulence-forming baffles and the surrounding kiln shell with lifters and with thresholds at both ends of the burner tube. The baffles are preferably conical in cross-section with the apices coincident with the center of the cross-section of the kiln.

Abstract: A wind-turbine having a horizontal shaft carrying the turbine blades, hinged in such a manner that a limited flapping movement is possible. The flap angle of the turbine blade is adjustable by means of the position of the piston of a double-acting piston-cylinder drive means. The two chambers of the piston-cylinder drive means are connected to one another over a regulatable throttle valve. A regulatable pump is coupled in parallel with the throttle valve and coacts with it to oscillate or lock the blades.