Abstract: Disclosed is a system to provide optimum guidance for an individual seeking the destination point in a complex building. The system can be used for a range of individuals from firemen seeking an optimized and accurately mapped path from an access point at the entrance to the building to a destination point where a fire alarm has gone off or for a visitor in the museum who is seeking a path to a particular desired display destination. The system can provide multiple sequential simplified floor configuration maps. These maps are designed to show foreshortened walls so as to provide a three-dimensional maze-like format with the pathways visible and with a track mark illustrating an optimal path for the user to follow within the area shown on the map.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to provide optimum guidance for an individual seeking the destination point in a complex building. The system can be used for a range of individuals from firemen seeking an optimized and accurately mapped path from an access point at the entrance to the building to a destination point where a fire alarm has gone off or for a visitor in the museum who is seeking a path to a particular desired display destination. The system can provide multiple sequential simplified floor configuration maps. These maps are designed to show foreshortened walls so as to provide a three-dimensional maze-like format with the pathways visible and with a track mark illustrating an optimal path for the user to follow within the area shown on the map.

Abstract: The system for tracking and communicating with individuals as they move through a complex structure involves wireless communication over a first channel, called herein a front channel, between transceivers carried by the individuals being tracked and repeaters. This provides distance information signals between repeaters and transceivers within range of each other. In a second or back channel, this distance information is transmitted between repeaters until it reaches a command station. At the command station, the distance information is employed to calculate the real-time position of the individual carrying each transceiver and to plot that position on a map for display at the command station. A similar front channel and back channel approach is used to provide audio information from mobile voice communication devices carried by the individuals being tracked.

Abstract: A system for communicating between stations which are at a number of different locations in a large building in which radio transmission is achieved through corridors or stairwell shafts or through windows along a zone outside of the building or any combination thereof. This system employs communication through spread spectrum transceivers and a set of directional antennas. At each station, one of the antennas is circular polarized and the other is linear polarized with a horizontal electrical component to facilitate reflection off the floors of the building. The spread spectrum is a hybrid frequency hopped and direct sequence modulated signal.

Abstract: The system for tracking and communicating with individuals as they move through a complex structure involves wireless communication over a first channel, called herein a front channel, between transceivers carried by the individuals being tracked and repeaters. This provides distance information signals between repeaters and transceivers within range of each other. In a second or back channel, this distance information is transmitted between repeaters until it reaches a command station. At the command station, the distance information is employed to calculate the real-time position of the individual carrying each transceiver and to plot that position on a map for display at the command station. A similar front channel and back channel approach is used to provide audio information from mobile voice communication devices carried by the individuals being tracked.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multi-unit communication system having, at each unit, both an FM receiver and a FM transmitter as well as a digital receiver and transmitter. The primary communication of an information signal from the system to a plurality of mobile hand held transceivers is through the FM transmitters. The digital receiver and transmitter provides a back channel to provide communication of the message throughout the set of units to assure that the information is available at each unit for conversion from digital to analog form so as to be broadcast by the FM transmitter.

Abstract: A personal portable phone, such as a cell phone, has an antenna (and preferably two antennas) which are mounted on an antenna base that slides over the ear piece when the phone is not in use and slides to a protracted position when the phone is in use. In a non-use state, the two antennas are rotated down flush with the antenna base. When in use, and in a protracted state, the two antennas are rotated up to a position such that the plane of the antenna is perpendicular to the plane of the base and the plane of the ear piece. In that position, each antenna is used to transmit electromagnetic radiation in a conical pattern. The pattern shown is a circular cone having an included angle of about 30° to 60°. The axes of the two conical patterns are parallel to the plane of the antenna base and plane of the ear piece so that the two conical patterns miss the head of the user and only a minimal or trivial amount of electromagnetic radiation impinges on the head of the user.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multi-unit communication system having, at each unit, both an FM receiver and a FM transmitter as well as a digital receiver and transmitter. The primary communication of an information signal from the system to a plurality of mobile hand held transceivers is through the FM transmitters. The digital receiver and transmitter provides a back channel to provide communication of the message throughout the set of units to assure that the information is available at each unit for conversion from digital to analog form so as to be broadcast by the FM transmitter.

Abstract: A system for communicating between computers that are at a number of different locations in a large multi-story building in which radio transmission is achieved through stairwell shafts and through windows along a zone outside of the building. This system employs communication through spread spectrum transceivers and a set of directional antennas. At each station, one of the antennas is circular polarized and the other is linear polarized with a horizontal electrical component to facilitate reflection off the floors of the building. The spread spectrum is a hybrid frequency hopped and direct sequence modulated signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the tour that a guard must undertake in each building of a large number of building sites involves an arrangement in which a system control center has a two-way communication by telephone network with each of a large number of building sites. Within each building, a building site unit has a two-way communication by broadcast with a large number of tour station units. A guard with a guard identification card checks in through a card reader at each tour station unit. A unique tour station unit identification number is associated with the guard identification number and transmitted to the building site unit where it is associated with a time and date and transmitted to the system control center. In this fashion, a large number of sites and a larger number of tour station units can all be monitored on close to a real time basis. A defective tour station unit can readily be replaced with a standard unit available at each building site.

Abstract: A plurality of transmitters and receivers arranged for carrier current communications are generally placed throughout a large building. The transmitters and receivers are coupled to selected portions of the power distribution system. The selected portions are stairwell exit and lighting risers emanating from the same location of contiguous circuit breakers. Coupling circuits are applied to both remote transceivers and the central station transceivers.

Abstract: A plurality of transmitters and receivers arranged for carrier current communications are generally placed throughout a large building. The transmitters and receivers are coupled to selected portions of the power distribution system. The selected portions are stairwell exit and lighting risers emanating from the same location of contiguous circuit breakers. Coupling circuits are applied to both remote transceivers and the central station transceivers. These circuits insure that remote station receivers always present high impedance to the power line at the carrier frequencies and that remote transmitters do not load the lines. At the central station, a bridge arrangement of the networks couples energy to and from the lines, with additional isolation between receiver and transmitter circuits.