Abstract: The present invention relates to controlling a removable electric propulsion system for a rolling object. In this method, a signal representative of the torque at a wheel driven by an electric machine of the electric propulsion system is measured (MES). This measurement is compared (COMP), over different time increments, with two thresholds, and the electric machine is controlled according to this comparison. The invention also relates to a propulsion system suited for this method and to a coupled assembly comprising the propulsion system and a rolling object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a removable electric propulsion system intended to be coupled to a rolling object. The propulsion system comprises a chassis provided with at least one wheel driven by an electric machine, and at least one non-driven wheel. Furthermore, the system, preferably the chassis, comprises means (5) for coupling the propulsion system to the rolling object. Besides, the coupling means comprises at least one means (100) providing combined and simultaneous gripping and lifting of at least one wheel (14) of the rolling object, preferably of two wheels (14) of the rolling object. The invention also relates to a method for coupling a rolling object to such a propulsion system, this method enabling, simultaneously and through a combined action, gripping and lifting of at least one wheel (14) of the rolling object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a removable electric propulsion system (1) for a rolling object. Propulsion system (1) comprises a frame (2) with a driven wheel (3) and at least one non-driven wheel (4). Among these non-driven wheels (4), one at least is an orientable off-centered wheel. System (1) also comprises means for coupling at least one wheel of the rolling object. System (1) also comprises an automatic directional locking device for locking the rotation about a vertical axis of at least one of the orientable off-centered wheels in a predetermined direction. The invention also relates to a coupled assembly comprising a propulsion system (1) and a rolling object. The invention further relates to a method for directional and automatic locking of at least one orientable off-centered wheel of a propulsion system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a removable electric propulsion system (1) for a rolling object, propulsion system (1) comprising a frame (2) provided with at least one wheel (3) driven by an electric machine (10), and at least one non-driven wheel (4), and means (5) for coupling propulsion system (1) to the rolling object. In addition, coupling means (5) comprise means for gripping and lifting at least one wheel of the rolling object. Besides, propulsion system (1) comprises a seating device with a seat (51) and a backrest (50), and this seating device is foldable between a deployed position allowing a user to sit and a folded position. The invention also relates to a method for deploying/folding the seating device of electric propulsion system (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a removable electric propulsion system (1) intended to be coupled to a rolling object. Propulsion system (1) comprises a frame (2) provided with at least one wheel (3) driven by an electric machine, and at least one non-driven wheel (4), a handlebar (20) and means (5) for coupling the propulsion system to the rolling object, coupling means (5) comprising means for gripping and lifting at least one wheel of the rolling object. Handlebar (20) comprises a connection with frame (2) and/or driven wheel (3). Furthermore, the connection comprises a means (12) for locking/unlocking the handlebar relative to frame (2) and/or to a driven wheel (3) from a locking position where handlebar (20) is attached to frame (2) and/or to driven wheel (3), this locked position of handlebar (20) enabling electric propulsion system (1) to be moved by means of handlebar (20), to an unlocking position enabling at least free motion of handlebar (20) relative to frame (2) and/or driven wheel (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric propulsion system (1) for a rolling object, comprising a frame (2) with at least one motorized wheel (3), and at least one non-motorized wheel (4), a handlebar (6) and coupling means (5). Coupling means (5) are intended for gripping, orientation and lifting of at least one wheel of the rolling load. The means of orienting the wheel of the rolling object orient the wheel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x) of the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a removable electric propulsion system (1) for a rolling object, propulsion system (1) comprising a chassis (2) provided with at least one wheel (3) driven by an electric machine, at least one non-driven wheel (4) and at least one means for coupling electric propulsion system (1) to the rolling object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a spark-ignition supercharged internal-combustion engine, notably of gasoline type, comprising at least one cylinder (12) with a combustion chamber (14), at least two intake means (24, 26), at least one fuel injection means (40, 42), at least one exhaust means (28, 30) and an ignition means (52). According to the invention, the method consists in preparing a fuel mixture with a fuel/air ratio greater than or equal to 1, another fuel mixture is prepared with a fuel/air ratio below 1, the two fuel mixtures are fed into the combustion chamber so as to obtain a part (C1) of this chamber containing a fuel mixture with the fuel/air ratio greater than or equal to 1 and the remaining part (C2) of the chamber containing the fuel mixture with the fuel/air ratio below 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling autoignition of a fuel mixture, notably for a diesel type internal-combustion engine, according to which a fuel mixture is made in at least one combustion chamber (14) of the engine with a fuel and at least one fluid in order to obtain a homogeneous type combustion by autoignition. The method includes defining a desired combustion progress by autoignition of the fuel mixture, and adjusting the cetane number of the fuel used for the mixture to that of the fuel providing the desired combustion progress is obtained.

Abstract: A diesel fuel formulation containing a high proportion of ethanol has a corrected flash point. This flash point modification is achieved by feeding into the mixture a liquid of low flash point such as a light fraction consisting of a C5 to C7 paraffin cut. The resultant formulation invention can be directly used in a vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the dilution ratio of the lubricating oil of an internal-combustion engine operating with a fuel containing at least part of at least one biofuel, wherein the radioactivity of an oil sample is measured so as to subsequently evaluate the ratio of dilution of the oil by the fuel. According to the invention, this method consists in measuring the radioactivity of at least one of the constituents of the biofuel contained in the oil sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a spark-ignition supercharged internal-combustion engine, notably of gasoline type, comprising at least one cylinder (12) with a combustion chamber (14), at least two intake means (24, 26), at least one fuel injection means (40, 42), at least one exhaust means (28, 30) and an ignition means (52). According to the invention, the method consists in preparing a fuel mixture with a fuel/air ratio greater than or equal to 1, another fuel mixture is prepared with a fuel/air ratio below 1, the two fuel mixtures are fed into the combustion chamber so as to obtain a part (C1) of this chamber containing a fuel mixture with the fuel/air ratio greater than or equal to 1 and the remaining part (C2) of the chamber containing the fuel mixture with the fuel/air ratio below 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling autoignition of a fuel mixture, notably for a diesel type internal-combustion engine, according to which a fuel mixture is made in at least one combustion chamber (14) of the engine with a fuel and at least one fluid in order to obtain a homogeneous type combustion by autoignition. The method includes defining a desired combustion progress by autoignition of the fuel mixture, and adjusting the cetane number of the fuel used for the mixture to that of the fuel providing the desired combustion progress is obtained.

Abstract: A diesel fuel formulation containing a high proportion of ethanol has a corrected flash point. This flash point modification is achieved by feeding into the mixture a liquid of low flash point such as a light fraction consisting of a C5 to C7 paraffin cut. The resultant formulation invention can be directly used in a vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercharged internal-combustion, notably indirect-injection engine comprising at least one cylinder (10) with two types of supercharged air intake means (12, 14), one type for non-carbureted supercharged air intake (12) and another type for carbureted supercharged air intake (14), said intake means being supplied with supercharged air by supply means (38). According to the invention, supply means (38) comprise a specific supercharged air supply device (46, 50) for each type of intake means (12, 14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supercharged internal-combustion, notably indirect-injection engine comprising at least one cylinder (10) with two types of supercharged air intake means (12, 14), one type for non-carbureted supercharged air intake (12) and another type for carbureted supercharged air intake (14), said intake means being supplied with supercharged air by supply means (38).