Abstract: The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system can have an interrogating subsystem comprising a superconducting path with an alternating plurality series of parallel back and forth segments collectively forming an interrogating surface adjacent the sample area, the interrogating subsystem configured for i) emitting an oscillating magnetic field B1 configured to disrupt a configuration of nuclear spins in the sample in a manner for the disrupted nuclear spins to generate a signal, and ii) receiving the signal.

Abstract: The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system can have an interrogating subsystem comprising a superconducting path with an alternating plurality series of parallel back and forth segments collectively forming an interrogating surface adjacent the sample area, the interrogating subsystem configured for i) emitting an oscillating magnetic field B1 configured to disrupt a configuration of nuclear spins in the sample in a manner for the disrupted nuclear spins to generate a signal, and ii) receiving the signal.

Abstract: A random signal can be obtained from a random tunneling of charges from one conductor to another conductor across a quantum tunneling barrier. The random signal can be amplified and associated to a random number. The association can be performed repetitively to generate a sequence of random numbers.

Abstract: The method for generating a random bit sample involves a quantum tunneling barrier. The method generally has: generating a current of charges tunneling across said quantum tunneling barrier, the current of the tunneled charges having an instantaneous level varying randomly due to quantum tunneling fluctuations and forming a raw signal; from said raw signal, obtaining a raw bit sample having a first bit number n, the first bit number n being an integer; extracting the randomness out of the raw bit sample into the random bit sample, the random bit sample having a second bit number m being smaller than the first bit number n, said extracting being based on calibration data comprising at least a quantum contribution value of said quantum tunneling fluctuations in said raw bit sample; and on an external contribution value in said raw bit sample.

Abstract: The method for generating a random bit sample involves a quantum tunneling barrier. The method generally has: generating a current of charges tunneling across said quantum tunneling barrier, the current of the tunneled charges having an instantaneous level varying randomly due to quantum tunneling fluctuations and forming a raw signal; from said raw signal, obtaining a raw bit sample having a first bit number n, the first bit number n being an integer; extracting the randomness out of the raw bit sample into the random bit sample, the random bit sample having a second bit number in being smaller than the first bit number n, said extracting being based on calibration data comprising at least a quantum contribution value of said quantum tunneling fluctuations in said raw bit sample; and on an external contribution value in said raw bit sample.

Abstract: A random signal can be obtained from a random tunneling of charges from one conductor to another conductor across a quantum tunneling barrier. The random signal can be amplified and associated to a random number. The association can be performed repetitively to generate a sequence of random numbers.

Abstract: The method for generating a random bit sample involves a quantum tunneling barrier. The method generally has: generating a current of charges tunneling across said quantum tunneling barrier, the current of the tunneled charges having an instantaneous level varying randomly due to quantum tunneling fluctuations and forming a raw signal; from said raw signal, obtaining a raw bit sample having a first bit number n, the first bit number n being an integer; extracting the randomness out of the raw bit sample into the random bit sample, the random bit sample having a second bit number m being smaller than the first bit number n, said extracting being based on calibration data comprising at least a quantum contribution value of said quantum tunneling fluctuations in said raw bit sample; and on an external contribution value in said raw bit sample.

Abstract: A random signal can be obtained from a random tunnelling of charges from one conductor to another conductor across a quantum tunnelling barrier. The random signal can be amplified and associated to a random number. The association can be performed repetitively to generate a sequence of random numbers.

Abstract: A random signal can be obtained from a random tunnelling of charges from one conductor to another conductor across a quantum tunnelling barrier. The random signal can be amplified and associated to a random number. The association can be performed repetitively to generate a sequence of random numbers.