Abstract: Methods for the synthesis, isolation, and purification of procyanidin B2 are disclosed. The synthetic methods utilize epicatechin as a starting material and produce procyanidin B2 in high yields. The isolation methods extract procyanidin B2 from a sample of bark powder from plant matter of the genus Uncaria. The isolated and/or synthesized procyanidin B2 is used to treat amyloid disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as improve cognitive performance and increase learning and memory in Alzheimer's patients. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the synthesized and/or isolated procyanidin B2 are also disclosed.

Abstract: The use of 3,4,3?,4?-tetrahydroxychalcone in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: The use of 3,4,3?,4?-tetrahydroxychalcone in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Use of a peptide or pharmaceutical composition comprising Leu-Ala-Phe-Val-Leu-Arg-Lys-amide having at least one D amino acid for the reduction of beta-amyloid protein, modulating APP processing, modulating activity of APP secretases, treatment of beta-amyloid protein diseases and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-dihydroxyaryl compounds and their methylenedioxy analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, especially A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment.

Abstract: Compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their synthesis and labeling, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, including A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment are provided. Also provided is the use of the disclosed compounds as imaging agents and methods for in vivo imaging and detection of amyloid and synuclein.

Abstract: A method of treating an amyloid disease, or a disease characterized by IAPP amyloid fibrils or islet amyloid deposits, in a mammalian subject. The method includes administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a various disclosed procyanidins or proanthocyanidins characterized by disclosed general formulae. A pharmaceutical composition and use of the composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a procyanidin and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The therapeutic amount of the proanthocyanidin is selected for efficacy in treating IAPP amyloid fibrils or islet amyloid deposits in a mammalian subject.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide consisting of Arg-Val-Ala-Val-Ile-Met-Gly-amide-having at least one D-amino acid.

Abstract: Use of a peptide or pharmaceutical composition comprising Leu-Ala-Phe-Val-Leu-Arg-Lys-amide having at least one D amino acid for the reduction of beta-amyloid protein, modulating APP processing, modulating activity of APP secretases, treatment of beta-amyloid protein diseases and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Substituted n-aryl benzamides, related compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their synthesis and labeling, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the treatment of amyloid diseases, including A? amyloidosis, such as observed in Alzheimer's disease, IAPP amyloidosis, such as observed in type 2 diabetes, and synucleinopathies, such as observed in Parkinson's disease, and the manufacture of medicaments for such treatment are provided. Also provided is the use of the disclosed compounds as imaging agents and methods for in vivo imaging and diagnosis of amyloid and synuclein diseases.

Abstract: A method of treating an amyloid disease, or a disease characterized by alpha-synuclein or NAC fibrillogenesis, in a mammalian subject. The method includes administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a various disclosed catechins or green tea extract. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a catechin and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The therapeutic amount of the catechin or green tea extract is selected for efficacy in treating amyloid, alpha-synuclein or NAC fibrillogenesis in a mammalian subject.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis, isolation, and purification of procyanidin B2 are disclosed. The synthetic methods utilize epicatechin as a starting material and produce procyanidin B2 in high yields. The isolation methods extract procyanidin B2 from a sample of bark powder from plant matter of the genus Uncaria. The isolated and/or synthesized procyanidin B2 is used to treat amyloid disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as improve cognitive performance and increase learning and memory in Alzheimer's patients. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the synthesized and/or isolated procyanidin B2 are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis, isolation, and purification of procyanidin B2 are disclosed. The synthetic methods utilize epicatechin as a starting material and produce procyanidin B2 in high yields. The isolation methods extract procyanidin B2 from a sample of bark powder from plant matter of the genus Uncaria. The isolated and/or synthesized procyanidin B2 is used to treat amyloid disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as improve cognitive performance and increase learning and memory in Alzheimer's patients. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the synthesized and/or isolated procyanidin B2 are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide consisting of Arg-Val-Ala-Val-Ile-Met-Gly-amide-having at least one D-amino acid.

Abstract: A method of induction of amyloid plaques includes immobilizing a quantity of a selected sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG) on a selected medium and adding to the immobilized SGAG on the medium a quantity of dissolved low fibrillar A? 1-40 (LFA?). The LFA? is added preferably in a A?:SGAG w/w ratio of about 1:1. SGAGs are preferably selected from heparin, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate.