Abstract: Methods for characterising and/or prognosing cancer in a subject comprise determining the expression level of at least one, and preferably 12, genes selected from Table 1 in a sample from the subject wherein the determined expression level is used to provide a characterisation of and/or a prognosis for the cancer. Determined expression levels are used to generate a signature score. The methods permit metastatic disease to be identified and monitored and guide therapeutic interventions.

Abstract: A molecular subgroup of cancer is characterised by misregulation of the MAPK signalling pathway and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Biomarker signatures can be used to identify cancers within the molecular subgroup. The signatures are also useful for identifying the treatment that is best suited for a given patient. A method for selecting a treatment for a subject having a cancer, comprises measuring the expression level(s) of at least biomarker selected from Table A or Table B in a sample from the subject. By assessing the expression level(s) of the at least 1 biomarker it can be determined whether the sample from the subject is positive or negative for a biomarker signature comprising the at least 1 biomarker. Based on the outcome of this assessment different treatments selected from MAPK pathway 10 inhibitors, EMT pathway inhibitors, SRC pathway inhibitors, taxanes and anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents may be indicated. Related treatment methods and products are also provided.