Abstract: An orthopedic surgical instrument or impactor arranged and configured to convert rotational motion of a motor into linear (e.g., reciprocating) motion of an internal hammer to drive an orthopedic implant (e.g., an acetabular cup, a femoral hip implant, an intramedullary nail, etc.) and/or a surgical tool (e.g., a broach, a rasp, a cutting tool, etc.) into a patient's bone. In addition, and/or alternatively, the orthopedic surgical instrument may be reversed to assist with removal of the orthopedical implant and/or surgical tool. In some examples, the orthopedic surgical instrument includes a swashplate and a wobble shaft to convert the rotational motion into linear motion. In addition, and/or alternatively, the orthopedic surgical instrument may be arranged and configured with multiple modes of operation to enable a user to selectively, and independently, adjust the impact energy, frequency, etc.