Abstract: Summarization of text in a document may be requested in dependence upon the position of the text in relation to other text within the document or the position of the document containing the text within a plurality of documents in a document structure. Summarization of text in a document may also be requested in dependence upon a user's interaction with an application in conjunction with a version of the document or with a document structure including the document. Different levels of summarization may be applied to different segments of text within a document.

Abstract: Provided are a method, apparatus and file access manager for optimized scheduling of read/write operations and disk I/O operations for files that must be retrieved from disk storage. The file access manager schedules the operations such that a single file retrieval from disk is required for a plurality of processes to operate on the file. If any of the processes write to the file, a single disk write operation is then performed. This coordinated scheduling solution is particularly applicable to disk utilities and other programs that automate batch processing—performing operations serially for a large number of files. The coordination of read/write operations for multiple disk utilities can reduce the total number of disk I/O operations and so reduce the time for which system performance is adversely affected by batch processing programs. This is a problem which is currently exacerbated by a number of automated batch processing utilities separately and independently thrashing disk storage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, apparatus and computer program for a first client to facilitate collaborative editing of a document with a second client. The document contains data of a first data type and is accessible by a first application for processing the first data type. The first application is used to identify a portion of the document for review, The identified portion is extracted and provided to an application for processing data of a second type at the first client. This application is a messaging application. A second client is identified for performing the review and the identified portion is sent via the messaging application to the identified second client. Comments are received back from the identified second client and these comments conform to the messaging application's protocol. The comments are then interpreted back at the first client and the document is updated if appropriate.

Abstract: A method for managing subscription requests in a publish/subscribe messaging system. Clients register a subscription at a message broker via one protocol and receive messages in matching that subscription on another protocol.

Abstract: A message generator for use in a publish/subscribe system, the publish/subscribe system having a broker for receiving a plurality of messages from one or more publishers and a subscriber: the message generator comprising: a storage component for retaining the plurality of messages; and an aggregator for aggregating the plurality of messages into an aggregated message.

Abstract: A controller for use at a node of a clustered computer apparatus comprises an exception detection component for detecting an exception raised by a service component at the node; a quiesce component responsive to the exception detection component for quiescing lease-governed activity by the service component prior to termination of a lease; a lease control component responsive to the quiesce component for pre-expiry relinquishing of the lease; and a communication component responsive to the lease control component for communicating the pre-expiry relinquishing of the lease to one or more further nodes of said clustered computer apparatus. The controller may further comprise a further communication component for receiving a communication indicating the pre-expiry relinquishing of a lease; a further lease control component responsive to the communication to control failure processing; and a further service component to perform a service in place of the service component at the node.

Abstract: A system for use in a publish/subscribe messaging system, the publish/subscribe messaging system having: a network, wherein the network has associated network data; and a broker having a matching engine for receiving at least one message from a publisher and for sending the at least one received message to a subscriber over the network. The at least one message has associated size metadata. The system comprises an intercept component for intercepting the at least one received message before sending by the matching engine and a receiving component for receiving the network data and the size metadata. A determining component, responsive to the receiving component, determines an instruction, which comprises a parameter associated with a time period over which the at least one received message is sent to the subscriber by the matching engine. The instruction is determined in accordance with the received network data and the size metadata.

Abstract: Subscribers connected to a publish/subscribe message broker receive messages on topic names to which they have subscribed. The messages are published with respective topic names within a sequence of topic names. The subscribers initially subscribe to at least one topic in the sequence, and then await receipt of a published message on the subscribed topic. On receipt of a published message, the subscriber unsubscribes from the subscribed topic and subscribes to a previously-unsubscribed next topic in the sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a real-time means of automatically updating the content of a user pre-selected set of web pages without any activity required on the part of the user to initiate each web page updating procedure. This is achieved by incorporating into a browser of a user's computing device software code that is responsive to real-time web page content change notification messages to cause the browser to reload a URL identified in the change notification message. Alternatively, the software code may comprise a Java applet or the like embedded in a downloaded web page that is responsive to change notification messages to cause the browser to reload a web page whose URL is identified in the message or to reload a currently displayed web page. The change notification messages are generated by applications whose web page content has changed and the messages are relayed in real-time to push client agents comprising said software code by a message broker agent.