Abstract: An alginate hydrogel-based thin-film heat flux sensor for billet crystallizer includes an alginate hydrogel substrate. The alginate hydrogel substrate is configured in a U-shaped planar structure. The U-shaped planar structure includes a first side and a second side, and the first side is longer than the second side. An inner surface of the alginate hydrogel substrate is provided with a first film thermocouple and a second film thermocouple. The first film thermocouple is in crosslinking connection with the second film thermocouple.

Abstract: XPath evaluation in an XML data repository includes parsing an input XPath query using a simple path file to generate an execution tree about the XPath query, where the simple path file includes an XML file that is generated based on the hierarchical architecture of a plurality of XML files in the data repository, and the names of the nodes in the generated XML file are generated by recording the tag information of respective nodes in the plurality of XML files in the data repository. Execution of an execution tree for the data repository generates a final evaluation result.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for encoding a plurality of images by an encoder where the encoder determines a set of subbands associated with an input image, determines a set of wavelet coefficients associated with each subband, generates a wavelet tree comprising a set of nodes and a maximum quantization level for a set of descendants of the set of nodes of the wavelet tree. Then, determines if the maximum quantization level is less than a threshold and sets the wavelet coefficient to zero if it is not, otherwise encodes the maximum quantization level, and encodes the set of wavelet coefficients for transmission in a bit stream comprising the encoded maximum quantization level and the encoded set of wavelet coefficients.

Abstract: XPath evaluation in an XML data repository includes parsing an input XPath query using a simple path file to generate an execution tree about the XPath query, where the simple path file includes an XML file that is generated based on the hierarchical architecture of a plurality of XML files in the data repository, and the names of the nodes in the generated XML file are generated by recording the tag information of respective nodes in the plurality of XML files in the data repository. Execution of an execution tree for the data repository generates a final evaluation result.

Abstract: XPath evaluation in an XML data repository includes parsing an input XPath query using a simple path file to generate an execution tree about the XPath query, where the simple path file includes an XML file that is generated based on the hierarchical architecture of a plurality of XML files in the data repository, and the names of the nodes in the generated XML file are generated by recording the tag information of respective nodes in the plurality of XML files in the data repository. Execution of an execution tree for the data repository generates a final evaluation result.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for encoding a plurality of images by an encoder where the encoder determines a set of subbands associated with an input image, determines a set of wavelet coefficients associated with each subband, generates a wavelet tree comprising a set of nodes and a maximum quantization level for a set of descendants of the set of nodes of the wavelet tree. Then, determines if the maximum quantization level is less than a threshold and sets the wavelet coefficient to zero if it is not, otherwise encodes the maximum quantization level, and encodes the set of wavelet coefficients for transmission in a bit stream comprising the encoded maximum quantization level and the encoded set of wavelet coefficients.

Abstract: XPath evaluation in an XML data repository includes parsing an input XPath query using a simple path file to generate an execution tree about the XPath query, where the simple path file includes an XML file that is generated based on the hierarchical architecture of a plurality of XML files in the data repository, and the names of the nodes in the generated XML file are generated by recording the tag information of respective nodes in the plurality of XML files in the data repository. Execution of an execution tree for the data repository generates a final evaluation result.