Abstract: An apparatus and method for implementing dynamic tactile feedback of a flexible object are disclosed. The apparatus enables recognition of a continuous change in stiffness of an object due to a dynamic response of the flexible object. The method enables recognition of such changes through control of the device. The method enables a user to continuously control the stiffness of a device used as a tool for haptic feedback. This further enables various virtual world sensations associated with virtual reality or augmented reality content to be expressed in direct relation to the length, shape, material, etc. of virtual objects, and also enables various virtual world sensations to be realized through such devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing an electric circuit directly on a target surface having a three-dimensional shape are provided. In this method, a 3D printing apparatus that can be attached to a target surface is used. In this printing method, two-dimensional information about the shape of the electric circuit to be printed and information about the three-dimensional shape of the target surface are input. Two-dimensional information about the shape of the electric circuit to be printed is adjusted based on the information about the three-dimensional shape of the target surface to generate three-dimensional information about the electric circuit to be printed. Based on this, a tool path for controlling the 3D printing apparatus is generated. An electric circuit can be directly fabricated on a target surface having a three-dimensional shape by the method and apparatus.