Abstract: Electronic apparatus, methods of forming the electronic apparatus, and methods of operating the electronic apparatus include features of current to frequency conversion that may be implemented in a variety of applications. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a symmetrical layout such that the resistance between drains and sources is reduced, thereby reducing power dissipation. Drain pads, source pads, and gates are placed on the MOSFET such that the distances between drains, sources, and gates are optimized to reduce resistance and power dissipation. The gates may be arranged in a trapezoidal arrangement in order to maximize a ratio of the gate widths to gate lengths for current driving while reducing resistance and power dissipation.

Abstract: Electronic apparatus, methods of forming the electronic apparatus, and methods of operating the electronic apparatus include features of current to frequency conversion that may be implemented in a variety of applications. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for charging a battery. In one embodiment, the system includes a charging circuit that charges the battery with a constant current during a first phase and charges the battery with a constant voltage during a second phase. The system also includes a control circuit for minimizing glitches when the charging transitions from the first phase to the second phase. According to the system and method disclosed herein, a battery may be charged in a controlled and reliable manner.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a symmetrical layout such that the resistance between drains and sources is reduced, thereby reducing power dissipation. Drain pads, source pads, and gates are placed on the MOSFET such that the distances -between drains, sources, and gates are optimized to reduce resistance and power dissipation. The gates may be arranged in a trapezoidal arrangement in order to maximize a ratio of the gate widths to gate lengths for current driving while reducing resistance and power dissipation.

Abstract: A system and method for charging a battery. In one embodiment, the system includes a charging circuit that charges the battery with a constant current during a first phase and charges the battery with a constant voltage during a second phase. The system also includes a control circuit for minimizing glitches when the charging transitions from the first phase to the second phase. According to the system and method disclosed herein, a battery may be charges in a controlled and reliable manner.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a symmetrical layout such that the resistance between drains and sources is reduced, thereby reducing power dissipation. Drain pads, source pads, and gates are placed on the MOSFET such that the distances between drains, sources, and gates are optimized to reduce resistance and power dissipation. The gates may be arranged in a trapezoidal arrangement in order to maximize a ratio of the gate widths to gate lengths for current driving while reducing resistance and power dissipation.

Abstract: A power efficient startup circuit for activating a bandgap reference circuit is disclosed. The startup circuit uses a voltage supply having a voltage level to initiate the flow of a startup current used to activate the bandgap reference circuit. When the bandgap reference circuit starts, the startup circuit slowly charges a capacitor using the voltage supply when the startup current is flowing. The startup circuit disables quiescent current when the bandgap reference circuit is activated and a voltage of the capacitor exceeds a value equal to the difference between the voltage of the voltage supply when powered on and a voltage threshold of a switching device which disables the quiescent current. The capacitor is discharged when the voltage supply is turned off.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) having a symmetrical layout such that the resistance between drains and sources is reduced, thereby reducing power dissipation. Drain pads, source pads, and gates are placed on the MOSFET such that the distances between drains, sources, and gates are optimized to reduce resistance and power dissipation. The gates may be arranged in a trapezoidal arrangement in order to maximize a ratio of the gate widths to gate lengths for current driving while reducing resistance and power dissipation.

Abstract: A power efficient startup circuit for activating a bandgap reference circuit is disclosed. The startup circuit uses a voltage supply having a voltage level to initiate the flow of a startup current used to activate the bandgap reference circuit. When the bandgap reference circuit starts, the startup circuit slowly charges a capacitor using the voltage supply when the startup current is flowing. The startup circuit disables quiescent current when the bandgap reference circuit is activated and a voltage of the capacitor exceeds a value equal to the difference between the voltage of the voltage supply when powered on and a voltage threshold of a switching device which disables the quiescent current. The capacitor is discharged when the voltage supply is turned off.

Abstract: A power efficient startup circuit for activating a bandgap reference circuit is disclosed. The startup circuit uses a voltage supply having a voltage level to initiate the flow of a startup current used to activate the bandgap reference circuit. When the bandgap reference circuit starts, the startup circuit slowly charges a capacitor using the voltage supply when the startup current is flowing. The startup circuit disables quiescent current when the bandgap reference circuit is activated and a voltage of the capacitor exceeds a value equal to the difference between the voltage of the voltage supply when powered on and a voltage threshold of a switching device which disables the quiescent current. The capacitor is discharged when the voltage supply is turned off.