Abstract: Techniques are described for enabling real-time database performance measurement and tuning in a service provider network. To efficiently test one or more proposed configuration changes to a database in a service provider network, a database service is able to create a replicated copy of the database in an environment that mirrors that of the primary database. The database service then automatically causes database traffic destined for the primary database to be routed to both the primary database and the test database. Once the test database is created and traffic is routed to both databases, the database service obtains performance data by monitoring performance of both the primary database and the test database over a period of time. Based on the obtained performance database, the database service can automatically determine which of the primary database and the test database is exhibiting better performance.