Abstract: Improved processes for applying barrier coatings for paper substrates, and to paper substrates made by such processes are described herein. The processes of the present invention use modified gravure printing to apply coatings that include polyvinyl alcohol and inorganic particulate material. The barrier coatings help to prevent substances from leaching through to spoil the decorative surfaces of the paper substrates, and/or mitigate the effect of any substances that may leach from the paper substrate.