Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of heat transfer compositions. The heat transfer compositions include an HR-PIB. Heat transfer compositions described herein may further include an additional base fluid, an optional additive, or a combination thereof. Aspects described herein also generally relate to processes for producing the heat transfer compositions and to uses of the heat transfer compositions in, for example, immersion cooling applications. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to heat management systems that include one or more heat-generating articles and a heat transfer composition that includes HR-PIB.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a new class of heat transfer compositions. The heat transfer compositions include an HR-PIB. Heat transfer compositions described herein may further include an additional base fluid, an optional additive, or a combination thereof. Aspects described herein also generally relate to processes for producing the heat transfer compositions and to uses of the heat transfer compositions in, for example, immersion cooling applications. Aspects of the present disclosure also generally relate to heat management systems that include one or more heat-generating articles and a heat transfer composition that includes HR-PIB.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and systems for producing isobutylene. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes and systems for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. Integrated processes for producing isobutylene from ethylene and/or crude C4 (CC4) streams, which may then be converted to PIB, are also provided. In an embodiment, a process for producing isobutylene is provided. The process includes dimerizing ethylene to produce a dimerization product effluent comprising a normal butylene. The process further includes skeletal isomerizing at least a portion of the normal butylene present in the dimerization product effluent to form a skeletal isomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene. The process further includes isomerizing at least a portion of 1-butene present in the skeletal isomerization product effluent to form an isomerization product effluent comprising 2-butene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and systems for producing isobutylene. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes and systems for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. Integrated processes for producing isobutylene from ethylene and/or crude C4 (CC4) streams, which may then be converted to PIB, are also provided. In an embodiment, a process for producing isobutylene is provided. The process includes dimerizing ethylene to produce a dimerization product effluent comprising a normal butylene. The process further includes skeletal isomerizing at least a portion of the normal butylene present in the dimerization product effluent to form a skeletal isomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene. The process further includes isomerizing at least a portion of 1-butene present in the skeletal isomerization product effluent to form an isomerization product effluent comprising 2-butene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and processing plants for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. In an embodiment, a process for producing HR-PIB is provided. The process includes introducing isobutylene into a polymerization reactor, and introducing a polymerization catalyst with the isobutylene to form a mixture comprising the isobutylene and the polymerization catalyst, the polymerization catalyst comprising a Lewis acid catalyst. The process further includes reacting the mixture to form a reaction product mixture comprising an HR-PIB, and introducing a solid substrate with the reaction product mixture, the solid substrate capable of sorbing an amount of polymerization catalyst. The process further includes removing the solid substrate comprising sorbed polymerization catalyst from the reaction product mixture by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes and processing plants for producing PIB, such as HR-PIB. In an embodiment, a process for producing HR-PIB is provided. The process includes introducing isobutylene into a polymerization reactor, and introducing a polymerization catalyst with the isobutylene to form a mixture comprising the isobutylene and the polymerization catalyst, the polymerization catalyst comprising a Lewis acid catalyst. The process further includes reacting the mixture to form a reaction product mixture comprising an HR-PIB, and introducing a solid substrate with the reaction product mixture, the solid substrate capable of sorbing an amount of polymerization catalyst. The process further includes removing the solid substrate comprising sorbed polymerization catalyst from the reaction product mixture by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to isobutylene. In an embodiment is provided a process for forming isobutylene that includes hydroisomerizing 1,3-butadiene present in a C4 feed to form a hydroisomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene and 2-butene; and forming an isobutylene feed by separating the isobutylene from the hydroisomerization product effluent. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to isobutylene. In an embodiment is provided a process for forming isobutylene that includes hydroisomerizing 1,3-butadiene present in a C4 feed to form a hydroisomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene and 2-butene; and forming an isobutylene feed by separating the isobutylene from the hydroisomerization product effluent. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to isobutylene. In an embodiment is provided a process for forming isobutylene that includes hydroisomerizing 1,3-butadiene present in a C4 feed to form a hydroisomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene and 2-butene; and forming an isobutylene feed by separating the isobutylene from the hydroisomerization product effluent. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to polyisobutylene.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to isobutylene. In an embodiment is provided a process for forming isobutylene that includes hydroisomerizing 1,3-butadiene present in a C4 feed to form a hydroisomerization product effluent comprising isobutylene and 2-butene; and forming an isobutylene feed by separating the isobutylene from the hydroisomerization product effluent. Embodiments of the present disclosure also generally relate to new processes for converting C4 feeds to polyisobutylene.