Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of molecular biology. Specially, the invention relates to the screenings of a new drug target, a vaccine antigen and a test target of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Specially, based on the differential proteome technology and by the techniques of gene sequencing, in vitro protein expression, immunological detection and gene recombination, the invention primarily certifies that the up-regulated expression of Protein Rv2629 and the mutation of Gene 191A/C of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are related to the Rifampicin (RFP) drug-resistance, which provides useful information for the drug-resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the novel drug design and the vaccine development. Firstly, the drug-resistant strains are cultured and the proteins from drug resistance strains and sensitive strains are isolated respectively.