Abstract: A method for characterising an object, including: providing, via a support plane, coherent incident radiation at the object at each of a plurality of radiation configurations, detecting, at a detector, an intensity of radiation scattered by the object for each radiation configurations, and determining, via an iterative process, an object transmission function associated with the object in dependence on the detected intensity of radiation for each radiation configurations. The iterative process comprises estimating, for each radiation configurations, an entrance wave function and an exit wave function, a support constraint and a current estimate of the object transmission function, determining a ratio of a sum of intensities of the exit wave function for the plurality of radiation configurations to a sum of intensities of the entrance wave function therefor, and updating the estimate of the object transmission function in dependence on the determined ratio and an amplitude constraint.

Abstract: A self-heat-dissipation pressure-reducing valve includes: a heat-dissipation valve core, an upper valve deck, a guiding valve deck, a valve body, a heat-dissipation valve seat, an air guide hood, and a turbine-type heat dissipation device. The heat-dissipation valve core is formed by a valve core composed of a heat pipe, and valve core heat-dissipation fins. The heat-dissipation valve seat includes a valve seat pocket, a valve seat shell, heat pipes, and valve seat heat-dissipation fins. An outer circumferential surface of the valve seat pocket is wound with multiple heat pipes fixed to the valve seat heat-dissipation fins. The turbine-type heat dissipation device includes a fan shell provided at a medium inlet, and a turbine. The turbine is lashed by a medium to turn the fan shell, and wind is guided in one direction through the external air guide hood to implement heat dissipation.

Abstract: A self-heat-dissipation pressure-reducing valve includes: a heat-dissipation valve core, an upper valve deck, a guiding valve deck, a valve body, a heat-dissipation valve seat, an air guide hood, and a turbine-type heat dissipation device. The heat-dissipation valve core is formed by a valve core composed of a heat pipe, and valve core heat-dissipation fins. The heat-dissipation valve seat includes a valve seat pocket, a valve seat shell, heat pipes, and valve seat heat-dissipation fins. An outer circumferential surface of the valve seat pocket is wound with multiple heat pipes fixed to the valve seat heat-dissipation fins. The turbine-type heat dissipation device includes a fan shell provided at a medium inlet, and a turbine. The turbine is lashed by a medium to turn the fan shell, and wind is guided in one direction through the external air guide hood to implement heat dissipation.