Abstract: An indicator composition can be used to measure calcium hardness within a sample of water from a process water system. The indicator composition can include a calcium indicator, a range extender, and a buffer. The indicator composition can accurately measure calcium concentrations within the sample of water at low, moderate, and high calcium levels, including at calcium concentrations of greater than 50 ppm. The indicator composition can measure calcium hardness without the use of masking agents at a pH of less than about 7.

Abstract: A honeycomb core with S-shaped reinforced structures includes multiple cylindrical unit cells arranged in a honeycomb shape and with a polygonal cross section, the cylindrical unit cells are divided into plain unit cells and S-shaped reinforced unit cells, an inner cavity of the plain unit cell is hollow, and the inner cavity of the S-shaped reinforced unit cell is equipped with an S-shaped reinforced structure, a cross section of the S-shaped reinforced structure is S-shaped and the inner cavity of the S-shaped reinforced unit cell is divided into two halves on average. This structure guides the load-transfer path effectively by controlling the rotation of S-shaped reinforced cells, it changes the position of plastic collapse in the structure, and finally changes the peak load of the core. Under different working conditions, the design of the arrangement of S-shaped reinforced structures can make the core produce different peak loads.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal in an industrial water system, the method comprising: (i) treating water of the industrial water system with a corrosion inhibiting-effective amount of a phosphorus-based treatment program comprising a phosphorus-based compound to provide a first treated industrial water, and (ii) treating the first treated industrial water with a corrosion inhibiting-effective amount of a metal-containing treatment program to provide a second treated industrial water, to inhibit corrosion of metal in the system.

Abstract: The method of improving an evaporative performance of a porous evaporative media in a cooling system that utilizes water evaporation for heat transfer, the method comprising contacting the porous evaporative media with a nonionic surfactant, optionally in combination with an antiscalant.

Abstract: A solid, non-phosphorus water treatment composition can be used for cooling water treatment applications. The composition can include a polycarboxylic acid, a polymeric dispersant, a soluble corrosion inhibitor, and a fluorescent tracer. The composition can define a solid that is devoid of phosphorus and has a pH effective such that, when the composition is dissolved in water at a concentration of 2 weight percent to form a solution, the solution has a pH within a range from 1 to 5.

Abstract: The invention provides a product for inhibiting corrosion in a closed loop industrial water system containing a corrosion sensitive metal, the product comprising: a carboxylic acid-based corrosion inhibitor, an azole-based corrosion inhibitor, a nitrate-based corrosion inhibitor, and water. The invention also provides a method of inhibiting corrosion of a corrosion sensitive metal in a closed loop industrial water system, the method comprising treating water in the system with product of the invention, to provide treated water.

Abstract: The invention provides a water treatment composition comprising a cathodic inhibitor comprising at least one rare earth metal, an anodic inhibitor comprising at least one polycarboxylic acid, and a polymer dispersant comprising at least one sulfonic group. The invention also provides a method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal in an industrial water system, which method includes treating water of the industrial water system with the composition of the invention, to provide treated water.

Abstract: An optical sensor may be used to measure the concentration of calcium in a water sample, such as a water sample obtained from industrial process water system like a cooling tower system, a boiler water system, or a waste water system. To measure the concentration of calcium, an indicator or reagent may be added to the water sample to form a complex that absorbs light. The absorbance profile of the complex may be non-linear over a range of calcium concentrations. However, the absorbance profile can be linearized to provide calibration coefficients that are subsequently used to determine the concentration of calcium in samples having unknown calcium concentrations. The linearization of the absorbance profile can allow the optical sensor to be calibrated using two solutions. This can reduce the complexity and cost of calibrating the optical sensor, which may otherwise require at least three calibration solutions to capture the non-linear profile of the absorbance curve.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in contact with an aqueous medium is provided. The method may include contacting the metal surface with a corrosion inhibitor composition where the corrosion inhibitor composition may include a compound or salt thereof of formula (I). The disclosed corrosion inhibitor composition is especially useful for inhibiting corrosion in closed loop systems.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibitors and methods for reducing or inhibiting corrosion of metals in aqueous systems are provided. Corrosion inhibitor compositions may include tetracarboxylic acids, such as butane tetracarboxylic acid. The compositions may include other components, such as zinc, molybdate, silicate, cerium, among others. The compositions may also include polymers or oligomers. The corrosion inhibitor compositions produced synergistic results and unexpectedly low corrosion rates.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in contact with an aqueous medium is provided. The method may include contacting the metal surface with a corrosion inhibitor composition where the corrosion inhibitor composition may include a phosphino succinic oligomer (PSO); an azole; and a molybdate. The disclosed corrosion inhibitor composition is especially useful for inhibiting corrosion in mixed metallurgy systems.

Abstract: A multi-purpose reagent composition is used for simultaneously determining concentrations of at least two analytes in a water sample. The two analytes are selected from the group consisting of free chlorine, pH, anionic polymer, and phosphates. In one embodiment, the multi-purpose reagent composition is for simultaneously determining the concentration of free chlorine and pH and comprises a free chlorine sensitive dye and pH indicator. In another embodiment, the reagent composition is for simultaneously determining of free chlorine and anionic polymer and includes a free chlorine sensitive dye, a pH buffer, cationic dye, and organic co- solvent. Thus, the pairs of free chlorine and pH or free chlorine and anionic polymer are determined using a single reagent composition. The reagent composition can also be the main reagent for one analyte analysis when it is used alone and also function as an ancillary reagent when it is combined with a second reagent composition for the determination of another analyte.

Abstract: A method using a multi-purpose reagent composition to simultaneously determine concentrations of at least two analytes in a water sample. In one embodiment, the multi-purpose reagent composition used is for simultaneously determining free chlorine concentration and pH and comprises a free chlorine sensitive dye and a pH indicator. In another embodiment, the reagent composition used is for simultaneously determining of free chlorine and anionic polymer and includes a free chlorine sensitive dye, a pH buffer, a cationic dye, and an organic co-solvent. Thus, the pairs of free chlorine and pH or free chlorine and anionic polymer are determined using a single reagent composition. The reagent composition can also be the main reagent for one analyte analysis when it is used alone and also function as an ancillary reagent when it is combined with a second reagent composition for the determination of another analyte.

Abstract: A multi-purpose reagent composition is used for simultaneously determining concentrations of at least two analytes in a water sample. The two analytes are selected from the group consisting of free chlorine, pH, anionic polymer, and phosphates. In one embodiment, the multi-purpose reagent composition is for simultaneously determining the concentration of free chlorine and pH and comprises a free chlorine sensitive dye and pH indicator. In another embodiment, the reagent composition is for simultaneously determining of free chlorine and anionic polymer and includes a free chlorine sensitive dye, a pH buffer, cationic dye, and organic co-solvent. Thus, the pairs of free chlorine and pH or free chlorine and anionic polymer are determined using a single reagent composition. The reagent composition can also be the main reagent for one analyte analysis when it is used alone and also function as an ancillary reagent when it is combined with a second reagent composition for the determination of another analyte.

Abstract: Measuring the concentration of an analyte in an aqueous solution by obtaining an aqueous solution containing an analyte, providing a cyanine indicator, placing the aqueous solution in fluid communication with the cyanine indicator, measuring a detectable property change of the cyanine indicator, and comparing the detectable property change of the cyanine indicator with a calibration curve of the detectable property change of samples containing known concentrations of the analyte. The concentration of the analyte is determined using the detectable property change that is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Block copolymers labelled with molecular recognition units and comprising a hydrophobic block and a luminescent block are presented. A method of detecting biomolecules using such block copolymers is also presented. More specifically, the block copolymers of the present invention have the following Formula (I): wherein “A” is a hydrophobic block; “B” is a luminescent block; “C” is a hydrophilic block; “D” is a molecular recognition unit; “n” and “m” are integers ranging from 1 to 75; “x” is either 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 75; and “Y” is either 0 or 1.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of measuring the concentration of an analyte in an aqueous solution that comprises the steps of: obtaining an aqueous solution containing an analyte, providing a cyanine indicator, placing the aqueous solution in fluid communication with the cyanine indicator, measuring a detectable property change of the cyanine indicator, and comparing the detectable property change of the cyanine indicator with a calibration curve of the detectable property change of samples containing known concentrations of the analyte to determine the concentration of the analyte, wherein the detectable property change is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in said aqueous solution.

Abstract: Methods are provided for improving the stability and shelf life of film sensors. The film sensors include a combination of polymeric matrix film material, analyte indicator, and solvent which has been heated in a first heat treatment application to volatilize most of the solvent and to solidify the analyte indicator to form the film sensor. The improvement comprises subjecting the film sensor to a second heat treatment to set the film and improve stability and shelf life.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring pH of low alkalinity samples. The present invention provides a sensor array comprising a plurality of pH indicators, each indicator having a different indicator concentration. A calibration function is generated by applying the sensor array to a sample solution having a known pH such that pH responses from each indicator are simultaneously recorded versus indicator concentration for each indicator. Once calibrated, the sensor array is applied to low alkalinity samples having unknown pH. Results from each pH indicator are then compared to the calibration function, and fitting functions are extrapolated to obtain the actual pH of the low alkalinity sample.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for measuring pH of low alkalinity samples. The present invention provides a sensor array comprising a plurality of pH indicators, each indicator having a different indicator concentration. A calibration function is generated by applying the sensor array to a sample solution having a known pH such that pH responses from each indicator are simultaneously recorded versus indicator concentration for each indicator. Once calibrated, the sensor array is applied to low alkalinity samples having unknown pH. Results from each pH indicator are then compared to the calibration function, and fitting functions are extrapolated to obtain the actual pH of the low alkalinity sample.