Abstract: An alkylatable reactant is alkylated with an olefin-acting reactant, utilizing a fluid HF catalyst in a countercurrent flow reaction chamber wherein reactants are flowing upward and the fluid catalyst is flowing downward. The fluid catalyst enters the reaction chamber at the top and is withdrawn at the bottom. Reaction chamber effluent passes into a settling chamber wherein it is separated into a catalyst phase and a hydrocarbon phase, the latter passing through a second reaction chamber in which it contacts a countercurrent flow of higher concentration fluid HF catalyst, and into a final settling chamber, wherein a hydrocarbon reaction product phase is separated from a catalyst phase and withdrawn. Also disclosed is a novel unitary alkylation vessel comprising, in combination, a countercurrent reaction chamber, a settling chamber, a second reaction chamber, and a final settling chamber.

Abstract: Byproduct or waste gases, containing hydrogen fluoride from an HF-catalyzed aromatic alkylation process are contacted with a stream of alkylated aromatics essentially free from hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride from the waste gases is absorbed within the alkylated aromatics and is returned to the process therewith. Resulting waste gases are of reduced hydrogen fluoride content, and the loss of hydrogen fluoride upon disposal of these gases is thereby reduced.

Abstract: Byproduct or waste gases, containing hydrogen fluoride, from an HF-catalyzed hydrocarbon alkylation process are contacted with a stream of liquid hydrocarbon essentially free from hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride from the waste gases is recovered within the liquid hydrocarbon and is returned to the process therewith. Resulting waste gases are of reduced hydrogen fluoride content, and the recovery of hydrogen fluoride is thereby increased.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbon alkylate from an isoparaffin and an olefin-acting agent. The isoparaffin, the olefin and a first, relatively low strength hydrogen fluoride catalyst are contacted in an alkylation reaction to form a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture is settled to separate a first hydrocarbon phase from the low strength catalyst phase, the first hydrocarbon phase is admixed with a second, relatively higher strength hydrogen fluoride catalyst phase in an alkylation soaker, the effluent from the soaker is settled to separate a second hydrocarbon phase from the high strength catalyst phase, and the hydrocarbon alkylate is recovered from the second hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: HF-containing vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers discharged from the alkylation zone of an HF alkylation process are contacted with water. Hydrogen fluoride is absorbed within the water, reacted with olefins, converted to organic fluorides and returned to the alkylation zone of the process. HF leaving the alkylation process in vent gases, relief gases, CBM and polymers is thereby recovered.

Abstract: Byproduct or waste gases, containing hydrogen fluoride, from an HF-catalyzed hydrocarbon alkylation process are contacted with a stream of liquid hydrocarbon essentially free from hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride from the waste gases is absorbed within the liquid hydrocarbon and is returned to the process therewith. Resulting waste gases are of reduced hydrogen fluoride content, and the loss of hydrogen fluoride upon disposal of these gases is thereby reduced.

Abstract: In prior art HF alkylation processes, an HR regenerator overhead vapor stream is processed in various ways including combining it with overhead vapor streams of an isoparaffin stripper or an HF stripper, or condensing, settling, and pumping it in a regenerator overhead system to an HF alkylation reaction zone. In the present HF alkylation system comprising a reaction and settling zone, an acid regeneration zone, and a products fractionation zone including an isoparaffin stripper from which a side-cut recycle stream containing principally isoparaffin is withdrawn, an improvement is made by taking overhead vapor from the regenerator and introducing the vapor directly into the isoparaffin stripper at a locus above that at which the side-cut recycle stream is withdrawn.

Abstract: An improved process for the hydrogen fluoride catalyzed alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins wherein better utilization of internal streams is achieved. Isoparaffins used as a stripping medium in the catalyst regeneration zone are reclaimed, free of a hydrogen fluoride phase, and are utilized as recycle isoparaffins to improve the quality of the alkylate product.