Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive or additive composition for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis. More particularly, the present invention discloses petrochemical waste as an additive or an additive composition containing one or more ethylene glycol oligomers and one or more metal ions which are useful for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive or additive composition for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis. More particularly, the present invention discloses petrochemical waste as an additive or an additive composition containing one or more ethylene glycol oligomers and one or more metal ions which are useful for improved production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.1-99.8:0.1-99.8:0.1-99.8, and a process for preparing the same. The said process comprises contacting a magnesium source with an organohalide and alcohol in a solvent to form the liquid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins. An illustrative example of the claimed process to make the organomagnesium precursor is: At 25° C., magnesium (powder or turnings) is added to organohalide, followed by alcohol in toluene. After heating to 90° C. and keeping there for 6 h the solution became viscous.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene consisting essentially of the steps of (i) contacting a magnesium based precursor with a solvent; and (ii) then contacting the magnesium based precursor in the solvent with a transition metal compound to obtain the catalyst, wherein step (ii) is single contact step. The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of a catalyst system and a process of polymerizing and/or copolymerizing of ethylene to obtain a polyethylene using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparation of a solid titanium catalyst component for use as pro-catalyst for a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system. The solid titanium catalyst component comprises a combination of 15 to 20 wt % of a magnesium moiety, 1.0 to 6.0 wt % of a titanium moiety and 5.0 to 20 wt % of an internal donor, said solid titanium catalyst component has an average particle size in the range of 1 to 100 ?m, characterized by a three point particle size distribution of D10 in the range of 1 to 10 ?m; D50 in the range of to 25 ?m and D90 in the range of 15 to 50 ?m. The present invention also provides a 15 Ziegler-Natta catalyst system comprising the solid titanium catalyst component and the method of polymerizing and/or copolymerizing olefins by using the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for controlling particle size of a catalyst composition. The process comprising the steps of contacting an internal donor with an organomagnesium precursor solution to form an intermediate solution and treating the intermediate solution with a transition metal compound to form a catalyst composition, wherein particle size of the catalyst composition is controlled by controlling a contact time of the internal donor with the precursor solution during formation of the intermediate solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins. The organomagnesium precursor is prepared as follows: At 0° C., magnesium in diethyl ether is reacted with the organohalide. After all magnesium has reacted, the calculated amount of alcohol was added and after the completion of addition, the ether was evaporated and a solid compound obtained.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing spherical particles of a catalyst composition, the process comprising contacting an organomagnesium precursor with a transition metal compound in presence of an internal donor to obtain a reaction mixture. Thereafter heating the reaction mixture from a first pre-determined temperature to a second pre-determined temperature and then heating the reaction mixture from second pre-determined temperature to a third pre-determined temperature to obtain spherical particles of the catalyst composition. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing of a spherical catalyst system from said spherical catalyst composition and preparing a spherical polyolefins having free flowing characteristics with bulk densities (BD) of at least about 0.4 g/cc from the spherical catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition of oil suitable for hot rolling of steel and its alloys. The oil composition forms an oil-in-water dispersion when mixed with water using proper agitation and provides adequate lubricity and load carrying capacity during rolling of steel slab/sheets.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene consisting essentially of the steps of (i) contacting a magnesium based precursor with a solvent; and (ii) then contacting the magnesium based precursor in the solvent with a transition metal compound to obtain the catalyst, wherein step (ii) is single contact step. The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of a catalyst system and a process of polymerizing and/or copolymerizing of ethylene to obtain a polyethylene using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for controlling particle size of a catalyst composition. The process comprising the steps of contacting an internal donor with an organomagnesium precursor solution to form an intermediate solution and treating the intermediate solution with a transition metal compound to form a catalyst composition, wherein particle size of the catalyst composition is controlled by controlling a contact time of the internal donor with the precursor solution during formation of the intermediate solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.1-99.8:0.1-99.8:0.1-99.8, and a process for preparing the same. The said process comprises contacting a magnesium source with an organohalide and alcohol in a solvent to form the liquid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins. An illustrative example of the claimed process to make the organomagnesium precursor is: At 25° C., magnesium (powder or turnings) is added to organohalide, followed by alcohol in toluene. After heating to 90° C. and keeping there for 6 h the solution became viscous.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparation of a solid titanium catalyst component for use as pro-catalyst for a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system. The solid titanium catalyst component comprises a combination of 15 to 20 wt % of a magnesium moiety, 1.0 to 6.0 wt % of a titanium moiety and 5.0 to 20 wt % of an internal donor, said solid titanium catalyst component has an average particle size in the range of 1 to 100 ?m, characterized by a three point particle size distribution of D10 in the range of 1 to 10 ?m; D50 in the range of to 25 ?m and D90 in the range of 15 to 50 ?m. The present invention also provides a 15 Ziegler-Natta catalyst system comprising the solid titanium catalyst component and the method of polymerizing and/or copolymerizing olefins by using the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid organomagnesium precursor having formula {Mg(OR?)X}.a{MgX2}.b{Mg(OR?)2}.c{R?OH}, wherein R? is selected from a hydrocarbon group, X is selected from a halide group, and a:b:c is in range of 0.01-0.5:0.01-0.5:0.01-5 and process for preparing the same, said process comprising contacting a magnesium source with a solvating agent, an organohalide and an alcohol to obtain the solid organomagnesium precursor. The present invention also provides a process for preparing a catalyst system using the organomagnesium precursor and its use thereof for polymerization of olefins. The organomagnesium precursor is prepared as follows: At 0° C., magnesium in diethyl ether is reacted with the organohalide. After all magnesium has reacted, the calculated amount of alcohol was added and after the completion of addition, the ether was evaporated and a solid compound obtained.

Abstract: A system (1) for determining a load of a vehicle such as a HGV. The system (1) comprises a plurality of strain gauges (2) mounted on each axle (3, 4) of the HGV. Each strain gauge (2) is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis A-A of the axles (3, 4) to measure the strain exerted on each axle (3, 4) in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A-A of each axle (3, 4). The strain gauges (2) are mounted on the axles (3, 4) at locations on the axles (3, 4) at which the axles (3, 4) exhibit a substantially linear strain-load relationship. These locations are determined, by performing a finite element analysis of the axles (3, 4). The system (1) also comprises a master control unit (5), carried on-board the HGV5 for calculating the HGV load responsive to the longitudinal strain measured by the strain gauges (2). The load exerted by the HGV on the road surface may then be calculated responsive to the calculated HGV load.

Abstract: A process for preparing benzene containing less than 1 ppm (wt) dioxane from an aromatic stream containing benzene which is contaminated with dioxane, the process including providing an aromatic stream containing benzene which is contaminated with dioxane; subjecting the aromatic stream to liquid phase adsorption by contacting an adsorbent contained in at least one column, which adsorbent comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves and clay; and recovering benzene containing less than 1 ppm (wt) dioxane. Preferably, the liquid phase adsorption is carried out at a pressure ranging from atmospheric pressure to 20 kg/cm.sup.2 and at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to 50.degree. C. Preferably, the molecular sieves have a pore size of 10 .ANG.. The process may further include regenerating the adsorbent by passing a flow of nitrogen gas through the adsorbent at a temperature ranging from 200 to 300.degree. C.