Abstract: A contact-less liquid application apparatus, and in particular a printing apparatus, for applying a liquid in a contact-less manner on a moving medium. The liquid application apparatus includes a liquid application means configured for applying a liquid on a moving medium, a media transport system configured for moving the medium in a movement direction at a distance of the liquid application means, and a flow control means configured to evacuate at least a portion of the air displaced by the moving of the medium, at least before the medium is in a liquid application position, where the liquid application position is a position in which the liquid application means is applying liquid on the medium.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus for determining a measure for the solid content of a liquid toner. The liquid toner includes a carrier liquid with marking particles, and the solid content is the ratio of the mass of the marking particles divided by the mass of the liquid toner. The measurement apparatus includes a measurement space for receiving liquid toner. The measurement space includes at least one hydrostatic pressure sensor configured and arranged for measuring data representative for the hydrostatic pressure caused by the liquid toner at least one predetermined position in the measurement space. The measurement apparatus also includes a controller configured for receiving the measured data and for determining a measure for the solid content of the liquid toner based on the received data.

Abstract: A characterization apparatus for characterizing a liquid containing insoluble particles includes a housing including an inlet portion defining an inlet passage between an inlet end and a first channel end, a channel portion defining a measurement channel between the first channel end and a second channel end, and an outlet portion defining an outlet passage between the second channel end and an outlet end. The channel portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode at a first and second side of the channel. The apparatus also includes a measurement device configured for measuring an electric measure representative for properties of the liquid flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode. The inlet passage gradually changes shape from the inlet end to the first channel end. The outlet passage gradually changes shape from the second channel end to the outlet end.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus for determining a measure for the solid content of a liquid toner. The liquid toner includes a carrier liquid with marking particles, and the solid content is the ratio of the mass of the marking particles divided by the mass of the liquid toner. The measurement apparatus includes a measurement space for receiving liquid toner. The measurement space includes at least one hydrostatic pressure sensor configured and arranged for measuring data representative for the hydrostatic pressure caused by the liquid toner at least one predetermined position in the measurement space. The measurement apparatus also includes a controller configured for receiving the measured data and for determining a measure for the solid content of the liquid toner based on the received data.

Abstract: A characterization apparatus for characterizing a liquid containing insoluble particles includes a housing including an inlet portion defining an inlet passage between an inlet end and a first channel end, a channel portion defining a measurement channel between the first channel end and a second channel end, and an outlet portion defining an outlet passage between the second channel end and an outlet end. The channel portion includes a first electrode and a second electrode at a first and second side of the channel. The apparatus also includes a measurement device configured for measuring an electric measure representative for properties of the liquid flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode. The inlet passage gradually changes shape from the inlet end to the first channel end. The outlet passage gradually changes shape from the second channel end to the outlet end.