Abstract: A method of treating a mammal, including a human, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition to the mammal to improve mitochondrial function and efficiency. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition causes increased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mammal. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition comprises a clathrate containing bioavailable pure (100%) oxygen gas (O2) molecules that are freely released to the mammal depending on the oxygen demand, i.e., more O2 molecules released in hypoxic regions. The administration can be oral and the bioavailable O2 molecules are time released into the mammal. The O2 bioavailability of poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition can be slow if the mammal, organ or tissue is well perfused and oxygenated, but rapid if hypoxic.