Abstract: A method, device and computer program product for determining at least one property of a current (Ip) running through the primary winding of a transformer operating in saturation using an unreliable detected current (Is) running through the secondary winding of the transformer. According to the invention a first reliable extreme point (EP1) of a cycle of the current in the secondary winding is detected and compared with an absolute time reference. Based on the comparison a first property of the current running through the primary winding in the form of the phase angle is then determined.

Abstract: A load compensation method for phase-to-ground loops in distance protection. A first reactive reach is estimated assuming zero fault resistance or with a positive sequence current. A second reactive reach is estimated with a zero sequence current. A third reactive reach is estimated with a negative sequence current. An import or export condition is estimated. A fourth reactive reach for import or export condition is estimated based on the first, second and third reactive reach. A fault impedance is estimated based on the estimated fourth reactive reach.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and computer program product for determining the direction of fault in an electrical power system as well as to a fault handling device. In the fault handling device the voltage at a measurement node of the power system is measured, the phase (?PF) of this voltage (VPF) before a fault is stored, the phase (?F) of this voltage (VF) at the end of a time interval (TI) following directly after a detected fault is determined, a phase offset (?O) is determined as the difference between the phase (?PF) of the measured voltage (VPF) before the fault and the phase (?F) of the measured voltage (VF) at the end of the time interval (TI) and the phase (?F) of the measured voltage (VF) after the detection of the fault is adjusted with the phase offset (?O). Thereafter the adjusted measured voltage is used in determining the direction of fault in relation to the measurement node.

Abstract: A method, device and computer program product for determining at least one property of a current (Ip) running through the primary winding of a transformer operating in saturation using an unreliable detected current (Is) running through the secondary winding of the transformer. According to the invention a first reliable extreme point (EP1) of a cycle of the current in the secondary winding is detected and compared with an absolute time reference. Based on the comparison a first property of the current running through the primary winding in the form of the phase angle is then determined.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and computer program product for determining the direction of fault in an electrical power system as well as to a fault handling device. In the fault handling device the voltage at a measurement node of the power system is measured, the phase (?PF) of this voltage (VPF) before a fault is stored, the phase (?F) of this voltage (VF) at the end of a time interval (TI) following directly after a detected fault is determined, a phase offset (?O) is determined as the difference between the phase (?PF) of the measured voltage (VPF) before the fault and the phase (?F) of the measured voltage (VF) at the end of the time interval (TI) and the phase (?F) of the measured voltage (VF) after the detection of the fault is adjusted with the phase offset (?O). Thereafter the adjusted measured voltage is used in determining the direction of fault in relation to the measurement node.

Abstract: A load compensation method for phase-to-ground loops in distance protection. A first reactive reach is estimated assuming zero fault resistance or with a positive sequence current. A second reactive reach is estimated with a zero sequence current. A third reactive reach is estimated with a negative sequence current. An import or export condition is estimated. A fourth reactive reach for import or export condition is estimated based on the first, second and third reactive reach. A fault impedance is estimated based on the estimated fourth reactive reach.

Abstract: A circuit and system is disclosed for driving one or more inductive loads, or one or more electrical loads including one or more inductive components. A control computer is configured to selectively supply a boost voltage to the one or more inductive loads, and to controllably commutate energy stored in one or more of the inductive loads back to a rechargeable source of the boost voltage.

Abstract: A novel and improved closed nozzle injector is provided which effectively and accurately controls the timing and rate of fuel injection while minimizing parasitic losses and needle valve element wear. The closed nozzle injector includes a needle valve element movable between open and closed positions, an outer control volume, an injection control valve for controlling the flow of pressurized fuel from the outer control volume to affect opening and closing of the needle valve element and a needle valve biasing feature for optimizing the speed of needle valve opening and closing. The needle valve biasing feature includes an inner guide portion formed on the needle valve element with a larger diameter than an outer guide portion, an inner control volume, and an inner restriction orifice for restricting the flow of pressurized supply fuel to the inner control volume to create a fuel pressure bias closing force which advantageously slows down the opening of the needle valve element.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle comprises a mechanical stepped gearbox (6) in front of which a hydraulic torque converter (5) is arranged. The torque converter (5) comprises a turbine wheel (19) which is connected to a turbine shaft (21). An input shaft (25) of the gearbox (6) is connected in a drive power-transmitting manner to the turbine shaft (21). In addition, a brake (34) is connected to the turbine shaft (21) or the input shaft (25), in which respect, on starting-up, the input shaft (25) can be stopped in order to permit engagement of a starting gear without the need to produce drive power interruption by means of a conventional clutch. The brake (34) is also used when changing-up for synchronization of the gearbox (6) together with an electrical control unit (32) for engine regulation. This allows the gear-changing in a mechanical, unsynchronized stepped gearbox to be carried out in a simple manner.