Abstract: In a general aspect, enhancement of artificial intelligence algorithms using 3D data is described. In some aspects, input data of an object is stored in a storage engine of a system. The input data includes first-order primitives and second-order primitives. A plurality of features of the object is determined by operation of an analytics engine of the system, based on the first-order primitives and the second-order primitives. A tensor field is generated by operation of the analytics engine of the system. The tensor field includes an attribute set, which includes one or more attributes selected from the first-order primitives, the second-order primitives, or the plurality of features. The tensor field is processed by operation of the analytics engine of the system according to a series of artificial intelligence algorithms to generate output data representing the object.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a data management system for spatial phase imaging is described. A data management system for spatial phase imaging includes: a storage engine configured to receive and store input data in a record format, the input data including: pixel-level first-order primitives generated based on electromagnetic (EM) radiation received from an object located in a field-of-view of an image sensor device; and pixel-level second-order primitives generated based on the first-order primitives. The data management system further includes: an analytics engine configured to determine a plurality of features of the object based on the pixel-level first-order primitives and the pixel-level second-order primitives; and an access engine configured to provide a user access to the plurality of features of the object determined by the analytics engine and to the input data stored by the storage engine.

Abstract: In a general aspect, integrated spatial phase wafer-level imaging is described. In some aspects, an integrated imaging system an integrated image sensor and an edge processor. The integrated image sensor may include: a polarizer pixel configured to filter electromagnetic (EM) radiation and to allow filtered EM radiation having a selected polarization state to pass therethrough; a radiation-sensing pixel configured to detect the filtered EM radiation and to generate a signal in response to detecting the filtered EM radiation; and readout circuitry configured to perform analog preprocessing on the signal generated by the radiation-sensing pixel. The edge processor may be configured to: generate first-order primitives and second-order primitives based on the analog preprocessed signal from the readout circuitry; and determine a plurality of features of an object located in a field-of-view of the radiation-sensing pixel based on the first-order primitives and the second-order primitives.

Abstract: In a general aspect, integrated spatial phase imaging is described. In some aspects, an integrated imaging system includes a sensor device and one or more processors. The sensor device is configured to generate a first set of data indicative of a first set of attributes of an object and a second set of data indicative of a second set of attributes of the object. The one or more processors are configured to: generate a first set of primitives based on the first set of data; generate a second set of primitives based on the second set of data; generate a combined data set based on the first set of primitives and the second set of primitives; and determine a plurality of features of the object based on the combined data set.

Abstract: Systems and methods deform the surface of the material with a probe, such as a mechanical device or a gas/liquid jet, while optically recording in detail the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the resulting surface deformation. The probe effectively applies a forcing function to the material, the attributes of which are known by performing calibrations prior to use or by direct measurement while it is applied. The topography is effectively the system output that is measured as indicative of the underlying mechanical properties of the material. In one application, systems and methods that apply a pressure in-vivo to human tissue and analyze a three-dimensional topography of the resulting surface deformation to identify localized inhomogeneities and anomalies in the human tissue.

Abstract: An apparatus for information extraction from electromagnetic energy via multi-characteristic spatial geometry processing to determine three-dimensional aspects of an object from which the electromagnetic energy is proceeding. The apparatus receives the electromagnetic energy. The received electromagnetic energy has a plurality of spatial phase characteristics. The apparatus separates the plurality of spatial phase characteristics of the received electromagnetic energy. The apparatus r identifies spatially segregated portions of each spatial phase characteristic, with each spatially segregated portion of each spatial phase characteristic corresponding to a spatially segregated portion of each of the other spatial phase characteristics in a group. The apparatus quantifies each segregated portion to provide a spatial phase metric of each segregated portion for providing a data map of the spatial phase metric of each separated spatial phase characteristic.

Abstract: An apparatus for information extraction from electromagnetic energy via multi-characteristic spatial geometry processing to determine three-dimensional aspects of an object from which the electromagnetic energy is proceeding. The apparatus receives the electromagnetic energy. The received electromagnetic energy has a plurality of spatial phase characteristics. The apparatus separates the plurality of spatial phase characteristics of the received electromagnetic energy. The apparatus r identifies spatially segregated portions of each spatial phase characteristic, with each spatially segregated portion of each spatial phase characteristic corresponding to a spatially segregated portion of each of the other spatial phase characteristics in a group. The apparatus quantifies each segregated portion to provide a spatial phase metric of each segregated portion for providing a data map of the spatial phase metric of each separated spatial phase characteristic.

Abstract: A method of deriving increased information from electromagnetic energy. Values of any of several spatial phase characteristics of the electromagnetic energy are determined. The determined spatial phase characteristic values are used in a manner to provide information.

Abstract: A system and method for tracking movement of a sports participant or a sports object associated with a sports activity, wherein in one example the system includes an article associated with the sports participant. The article provides a known spatial phase characteristic conveyed via electromagnetic energy. A receiver monitors the venue area within which the sports activity is occurring. Electromagnetic energy is received, wherein the received electromagnetic energy includes the electromagnetic energy from the article that conveys the spatial phase characteristic. The known spatial phase characteristic provided by said article is identified among the spatial phase characteristics of electromagnetic energy to locate the article. Physical movement of the sports participant is tracked by tracking the location of the article.

Abstract: A method of deriving increased information from electromagnetic energy. Values of any of several spatial phase characteristics of the electromagnetic energy are determined. The determined spatial phase characteristic values are used in a manner to provide information.

Abstract: A spatial phase sensor having a lens or opening, or the like, through which electromagnetic radiation signals are directed. Mechanism is provided for receiving the electromagnetic radiation signals and for providing an enhanced electrical signal therefrom. The spatial phase of the electromagnetic radiation signals is first determined by analysis of the polarization vectors of the electromagnetic radiation signals and a sensor is provided for converting the electromagnetic radiation signals into electrical signals containing data corresponding to the determined spatial phase of the electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: An ice monitoring and detection system for determining the presence and thickness of ice on a surface is provided. The system includes an imaging device which includes at least one lens for providing image signals of the surface. The imaging device is operable in a predetermined portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Image signals from the surface are polarized into discrete polarization changes responsive to the camera receiving image signals proportional to amplitude modulated signals generated by the presence of ice. A processor is provided for converting the modulated signals into discrete polarization changes and for obtaining the difference between the discrete polarization changes which is proportional to the amount of ice on the surface. An indication device provides an output corresponding to the difference between the discrete polarization changes. The difference is indicative of the presence and amount of ice on said surface.