Abstract: An electromagnetic reflector for reflecting an electromagnetic signal is provided based on meta-surface phase control using photo-capacitive materials, varactors or other tuning means. The shape of the metamaterial unit cell enhances the resonance and phase shift. The reflector includes first and second cells having respective first and second phase states, along with a switch for selecting between the first and second cells.

Abstract: An electrical conduit ground assembly is provided for electrically and environmentally shielding an electric cable that inserts into a junction box via a through-hole. The assembly includes an adapter flange, first and second annular gaskets, first and second annular washers, a slip-ring, a ground adapter, first and second lock-nuts and a gland nut. The adapter flange has an internally threaded proximate end, an externally threaded mezzanine, a hexagonal seat, and an externally threaded distal end insertable into the through-hole. The first annular gasket inserts into the proximate end. The first and second washers insert into the proximate end. The annular ground adapter electrically connects the cable and the annular conduit between the first and second washers. The second annular gasket has an annular shaft and a circular brim. The gland nut screws into the proximate end of the adapter flange.

Abstract: An electrical conduit ground assembly is provided for electrically and environmentally shielding an electric cable that inserts into a junction box via a through-hole. The assembly includes an adapter flange, first and second annular gaskets, first and second annular washers, a slip-ring, a ground adapter, first and second lock-nuts and a gland nut. The adapter flange has an internally threaded proximate end, an externally threaded mezzanine, a hexagonal seat, and an externally threaded distal end insertable into the through-hole. The first annular gasket inserts into the proximate end and includes frustum and cylinder portions. The first annular washer inserts into the proximate end and disposal on the first gasket. The slip-ring inserts into the proximate end and disposal on the first washer. The second annular washer inserts into the proximate end and disposal on the slip-ring.

Abstract: An adapter is provided for electrically connecting an interior surface of a conduit and an external surface of a cable. The adapter includes a flat strip extending longitudinally from first to second ends with first and second transverse edges and composed of an electrically conductive and mechanically flexible material. The strip includes a longitudinal ribbon that forms a ring for wrapping around the cable by curling the first and second ends together in a direction transverse to the sheet, and a plurality of first and second incisions from the transverse edges towards the ribbon, the incisions being disposed at respective intervals that correspond to a longitudinally regular pattern. The first incisions form tapering tabs for bending in the direction transverse to the sheet to produce petals that extend radially inward from the ring to engage the cable.

Abstract: A flux compression generator (FCG) is provided for producing an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The FCG includes an environmental case, a reactive load, a dielectric core, a superconducting stator, an electric energy source, a load switch, and a transition device. The reactive load transmits the EMP in response to an electric current pulse. The dielectric core has proximal and distal ends within the case, with the stator disposed coaxially around the core that provides structural support. The case contains the electrical energy source, the stator, the core and the transition device. The energy source connects to the stator at the proximal end and powers the transition device. The load switch connects the reactive load to the stator at the distal end. The energy source initially provides an electric current to the stator. The device upon activation heats at least a portion of the stator to reversibly transition the portion from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state.

Abstract: An adapter is provided for electrically connecting an interior surface of a conduit and an external surface of a cable. The adapter includes a flat strip extending longitudinally from first to second ends with first and second transverse edges and composed of an electrically conductive and mechanically flexible material. The strip includes a longitudinal ribbon that forms a ring for wrapping around the cable by curling the first and second ends together in a direction transverse to the sheet, and a plurality of first and second incisions from the transverse edges towards the ribbon, the incisions being disposed at respective intervals that correspond to a longitudinally regular pattern. The first incisions form tapering tabs for bending in the direction transverse to the sheet to produce petals that extend radially inward from the ring to engage the cable.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a functional low cost photovoltaic (PV) cell (e.g., solar cell) and a method for the large scale production of the device. The manufacturing method to produce a pseudo-Schottky photovoltaic (PSPV) cell, includes depositing a metal contact on a reverse side of the wafer; superposing a mask on an obverse side of the wafer; disposing a conductive paint to the obverse side of the wafer; removing the mask on the obverse side of the wafer; and attaching electrical conduction leads between the paint and the metal contact.

Abstract: An electrical conduit ground device is provided for electrically and environmentally shielding an electric cable. The device includes a conduit having a receiving end through which the cable passes axially; an internal seal that inserts into the receiving end; a gland boss that inserts into the receiving end; an external seal that inserts into the boss and extends axially outward from the receiving end; and a grounding assembly disposed between the internal and external seals. The assembly includes an adapter for providing electrical grounding contact between the cable and the swage tube; a space-retainer for structurally supporting the adapter; and a washer for axially separating the internal and external seals. The adapter is provided for electrically connecting an interior surface of a conduit and an external surface of a cable.

Abstract: An electrical conduit ground device is provided for electrically and environmentally shielding an electric cable. The device includes a conduit having a receiving end through which the cable passes axially; an internal seal that inserts into the receiving end; a gland boss that inserts into the receiving end; an external seal that inserts into the boss and extends axially outward from the receiving end; and a grounding assembly disposed between the internal and external seals. The assembly includes an adapter for providing electrical grounding contact between the cable and the swage tube; a space-retainer for structurally supporting the adapter; and a washer for axially separating the internal and external seals. The adapter is provided for electrically connecting an interior surface of a conduit and an external surface of a cable.

Abstract: A flux compression generator (FCG) is provided for producing an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The FCG includes an environmental case, a reactive load, a dielectric core, a superconducting stator, an electric energy source, a load switch, and a transition device. The reactive load transmits the EMP in response to an electric current pulse. The dielectric core has proximal and distal ends within the case, with the stator disposed coaxially around the core that provides structural support. The case contains the electrical energy source, the stator, the core and the transition device. The energy source connects to the stator at the proximal end and powers the transition device. The load switch connects the reactive load to the stator at the distal end. The energy source initially provides an electric current to the stator. The device upon activation heats at least a portion of the stator to reversibly transition the portion from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state.

Abstract: In one general aspect, a communications system as described herein provides a wide-band jamming signal that is digitally created, conditioned, and modified by a processing based system to provide open data channels to authorized parties within a jammed communications band. The communications system modifies and maintains the open data channels to sustain communications between authorized devices. In addition, the communications system provides frequency hopping using the open data channels to supply secure data links to authorized devices within the jammed communications band while denying service to unauthorized communication nodes or devices.

Abstract: An intermediary layer is introduced between a lens and a wafer for an immersion lithography process. A non-supercritical gas is provided and condensed to form a layer of liquid between the lens and the wafer. The substrate may be irradiated through the lens and intermediary layer. In addition, the intermediary layer may then be evaporated. The non-supercritical gas may include superheated steam which may be condensed to form a layer of water between the lens and the wafer. The wafer may be irradiated with one of a EUV light and UV light. A system for introduction of an intermediary layer between a lens and a wafer for an immersion lithography process is also provided. The wafer for use in the immersion lithography process may includes a hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces to provide enhanced contact angles between the wafer and the intermediary liquid layer condensed on the wafer and to reduce light aberration provided from a light source through the intermediary liquid layer.

Abstract: Radio frequency identification (RFID) includes far-field systems associated with an RFID interrogator and an RFID tag. The RFID interrogator produces continuous wave (CW) unmodulated signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band. The RFID tag includes reception and transmission antenna circuits, a signal processor, and an oscillator. The reception antenna circuit receives the reception signals from the RFID interrogator. The signal processor determines whether the reception signals correspond to a plurality of tag identification frequencies as a correlation. The signal processor also produces responsive signals in response to the correlation. The oscillator supplies a carrier frequency. The transmission antenna circuit combines the carrier signal with the response signals to produce transmit signals, and then dispatches the transmit signals.

Abstract: A vehicle barrier uses adjacent rows of wave-like sections adapted to be positioned on a ground surface. A section is defined by (i) a planar wall extending angularly upward from the ground surface to the section's peak, and (ii) a concave wall extending angularly downward from the section's peak to the ground surface.

Abstract: A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and tracking system employing a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies including a predetermined frequency band, includes a RFID interrogator generating a group of CW unmodulated signals corresponding to a RFID tag and receiving a tag identification (ID) signal sequence uniquely identifying the RFID tag, while the RFID tag includes a power source supplying power to the RFID tag but not including a microprocessor. A corresponding RFID tag and method for operating both the tag and the system are also described.